During the year, the company made the following research and development expenditures:

Compute the total research and development (R&D) expense for the year assuming (1) the expenditures were for normal R&D, (2) the expenditures were for software R&D, and (3) the expenditures were for normal R&D and the company does its accounting according to international financial reportingstandards.

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Date July 23. December 3 Amount $100,000 20,000 Comment Before technological feasibility established. After technological feasibility established.