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engineering
mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

Halley’s comment travels in an elongated elliptic orbit for which the minimum distance from the sun is approximately 1/2 rE, where rE = 92.9 × 106 mi is the mean distance from the sun to the
A spacecraft and a satellite are at diametrically opposite positions in the same circular orbit of altitude 310 mi above the earth. As it passes through point A, the spacecraft fires its engine for a
Based on observations made during the 1996 sighting of the comet Hyakutake, it was concluded that the trajectory of the comet is a highly elongated ellipse for which the eccentricity is approximately
It was observed that during its first flyby of the earth, the Galileo spacecraft had a velocity of 6.48 mi/s as it reached its minimum distance of 4560 mi from the center of the earth. Assuming that
A space shuttle is in an elliptic orbit of eccentricity 0.0356 and a minimum altitude of 182 mi above the surface of the earth. Knowing that the radius of the earth is 3960 mi, determine the
A space probe is describing a circular orbit of radius nR with a speed v0 about a planet of radius R and center O. As the probe passes through point A, its speed is reduced from v0 to 0 βv0 , where
Prior to the Apollo missions to the moon, several Lunar Orbiter spacecraft were used to photograph the lunar surface to obtain information regarding possible landing sites. At the conclusion of each
A long-range ballistic trajectory between points A and B on the earth??s surface consists of a portion of an ellipse with the apogee at point C. Knowing that point C is 930 mi above the surface of
A space shuttle is describing a circular orbit at an altitude of 200 mi above the surface of the earth. As it passes through A it fires its engine for ashort interval of time to reduce its speed by 6
A satellite describes an elliptic orbit about a planet. Denoting by r0 and r1 the distances corresponding, respectively, to the perigee and apogee of the orbit, show that the curvature of the orbit
(a) Express the eccentricity ε of the elliptic orbit described by a satellite about a planet in terms of the distances ances r0 and r1 corresponding, respectively, to the perigee and apogee of the
Derive Kepler’s third law of planetary motion from Eqs. (12.39) and (12.45).
Show that the angular momentum per unit mass h of a satellite describing an elliptic orbit of semimajor axis a and eccentricity ε about a planet of mass M can be expressed as h =√GMa (1 – ε2)
Determine the maximum theoretical speed that an automobile starting from rest can reach after traveling 1320 ft. Assume that the coefficient of static friction is 0.80 between the tires and the
A tractor-trailer is traveling at 90 km/h when the driver applies his brakes. Knowing that the braking forces of the tractor and the trailer are 16 kN and 60 kN, respectively, determine(a) The
The 30-lb block B is supported by the 55-lb block A and is attached to a cord to which a 50-lb horizontal force is applied as shown. Neglecting friction, determine(a) The acceleration of block A,(b)
A 180-lb wrecking ball B is attached to a 40-ft-long steel cable AB and swings in the vertical arc shown. Determine the tension in the cable (a) At the top C of the swing, where θ = 30?, (b) At the
The 30-lb block B is supported by the 55-lb block A and is attached to a cord to which a 50-lb horizontal force is applied as shown. Neglecting friction, determine (a) The acceleration of block
A small 8-oz collar D can slide on portion AB of a rod which is bent as shown. Knowing that the rod rotates about the vertical AC at a constant rate and that α = 40? and r = 24 in., determine the
Rod OA rotates about O in a horizontal plane. The motion of the 400-g collar B is defined by the relations r = 500 + 300 sin ?t and ? = 2?(t2 ?2t), where r is expressed in millimeters, t in seconds,
The 4-oz pin B slides along the slot in the rotating arm OC and along the slot DE which is cut in a fixed horizontal plate. Neglecting friction and knowing that arm OC rotates at a constant rate te
Determine the mass of the earth knowing that the mean radius of the moon’s orbit about the earth is 384.5 Mm and that the moon requires 27.32 days to complete one full revolution about the earth.
A 540 kg spacecraft first is placed into a circular orbit about the earth at an altitude of 4500 km and then is transferred to a circular orbit about themoon. Knowing that the mass of the moon is
A 1-lb ball A and a 2-lb ball B are mounted on a horizontal rod which rotates freely about a vertical shaft. The balls are held in the positions shown by pins. The pin holding B is suddenly removed
A space shuttle is describing a circular orbit at an altitude of 563 km above the surface of the earth. As it passes through point A, it fires its engine for a short interval of time to reduce its
A 1000-lb satellite is placed in a circular orbit 3000 mi above the surface of the earth. At this elevation the acceleration of gravity is 8.03 ft/s2. Knowing that its orbital speed is 14,000 mi/h,
A 500-kg communications satellite is in a circular geosynchronous orbit and completes one revolution about the earth in 23 h and 56 min at an altitude of 35 800 km above the surface of the earth.
A 2-kg stone is dropped from a height h and strikes the ground with a velocity of 24 m/s.(a) Find the kinetic energy of the stone as it strikes the ground and the height h from which it was
A golfer hits a 1.62-oz ball with an initial velocity of 160 ft/s at an angle of 25° with the horizontal. Determine(a) The initial kinetic energy of the ball,(b) The kinetic energy of the ball when
Packages are thrown down an incline at A with a velocity of 4 ft/s. The packages slide along the surface ABC to a conveyor belt which moves with a velocity of 8 ft/s. Knowing that μk = 0.25 between
A 50-lb package is projected up a 20? incline with an initial velocity of 40 ft/s. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the incline is 0.15, determine (a) The
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then applied, causing the automobile to come to a stop at point C,
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6oincline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then fully applied, causing the automobile to skid to a stop at point
A 90-lb package is at rest on an incline when a constant force P is applied to it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the incline is 0.35. Knowing that the speed of the
A 3-lb model rocket is launched vertically from rest with a constant thrust of 5.5 lb until the rocket reaches an altitude of 50 ft and the thrust ends. Neglecting air resistance, determine(a) The
The 7-kg block A is released from rest in the position shown. Neglecting the effect of friction and the masses of the pulleys, determine the velocity of the block after it has moved 0.6 m up the
The 7-kg block A is released in the position shown with a velocity of 1.5 m/s up the incline. Knowing that the velocity of the block is 3 m/s after it has moved 0.6 m up the incline, determine the
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v0 to a fixed incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that μk = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v0 to a fixed incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that μk = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt
(a) The distance required to bring the train to a stop,(b) The force in eachcoupling.
Solve Prob. 13.15, assuming that the brakes are applied only on the wheels of car A .
Car B is towing car A with 15-ft cable at a constant speed of 30 ft/s on an uphill grade when the brakes of car B are fully applied causing it to skid to a stop. Car A, whose driver had not observed
Car B is towing car A at a constant speed of 30 ft/s on an uphill grade when the brakes of car A are fully applied causing all four wheels to skid. The driver of car B does not change the throttle
The two blocks shown are released from rest. Neglecting the masses of the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and between the blocks and the incline, determine (a) The velocity of block
The two blocks shown are released from rest. Neglecting the masses of the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and knowing that the coefficients of friction between both blocks and the
The system shown, consisting of a 20-kg collar A and a 10-kg counterweight B, is at rest when a constant 500-N force is applied to collar A.(a) Determine the velocity of A just before it hits the
The 10-kg block A and the 4-kg block B are both at a height h = 0.5 m above the ground when the system is released from rest. After A hits the ground without rebound it is observed that B reaches a
Two blocks A and B, of mass 8 kg and 10 kg, respectively, are connected by a cord which passes over pulleys as shown. A 6-kg collar C is placed on block A and the system is released from rest. After
Four 3-kg packages are held in place by friction on a conveyor which is disengaged from its drive motor. When the system is released from rest, package 1 leaves the belt at A just as package 4 comes
An 8-kg plunger is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by two nested springs; the constant of the outer spring is k1 = 3 kN/m and the constant of the inner spring is k2 = 10 kN/m.
An 8-kg plunger is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by two nested springs; the constant of the outer spring is k1 = 3 kN/m and the constant of the inner spring is k2 = 10 kN/m.
A 0.7-lb block rests on top of a 0.5-lb block supported by but not attached to a spring of constant 9 lb/ft. The upper block is suddenly removed. Determine (a) The maximum velocity reached by the
Solve Prob. 13.27, assuming that the 0.5-lb block is attached to the spring.
A 7.5-lb collar is released from rest in the position shown, slides down the inclined rod, and compresses the spring. The direction of motion is reversed and the collar slides up the rod. Knowing
A 10-kg block is attached to spring A and connected to spring B by a cord and pulley. The block is held in the position shown with both springs unstretched when the support is removed and the block
A 10-kg block is attached to spring A and connected to spring B by a cord and pulley. The block is held in the position shown with spring A stretched 25 mm and spring B unstretched when the support
An uncontrolled automobile traveling at 100 km/h strikes squarely a highway crash cushion of the type shown in which the automobile is brought to rest by successively crushing steel barrels. The
A piston of mass m and cross-sectional area A is in equilibrium under the pressure p at the center of a cylinder closed at both ends. Assuming that the piston is moved to the left a distance a/2 and
Express the acceleration ion of gravity gh at an altitude h above the surface of the earth in terms of the acceleration of gravity g0 at the surface of the earth, the altitude h, and the radius R of
A rocket is fired vertically from the surface of the moon with a speed v0. Derive a formula for the ratio hn/hu of heights reached with a velocity v, if Newton’s law of gravitation is used to
A meteor starts from rest at a very great distance from the earth. Knowing that the radius of the earth is 3960 mi and neglecting all forces except the gravitational attraction of the earth,
During a flyby of the earth, the velocity of a spacecraft is 6.5 mi/s as it reaches its minimum altitude of 620 mi above the surface at point O. At point B the spacecraft is observed to have an
A bullet is fired straight up from the surface of the moon with an initial velocity of 600 m/s. Determine the maximum elevation reached by the bullet,(a) Assuming a uniform gravitational field with g
A 1.5-kg block A rests on a 1.5-kg block B and is attached to a spring of constant 180 N/m. The coefficients of friction between the two blocks are μs = 0.95 and μk = 0.90 and the coefficients of
A 1.5-kg block A rests on a 1.5-kg block B and is attached to a spring of constant 180 N/m. The coefficients of friction between the two blocks are 0.35 μs = and 0.30 μk = and the coefficients of
The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v0 and swings in a verticalcircle of radius l and center O. Determine the smallest velocity v0 for which the sphere will reach point B as it swings about
The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v0 of magnitude 16 ft/s and swings in a vertical plane at the end of a rope of length l = 6 ft attached to a support at O. Determine the angle θ at which
Sphere C and block A are both moving to the left with a velocity v0 when the block is suddenly stopped by the wall. Determine the smallest velocity v0 for which the sphere C will swing in a full
A bag is gently pushed off the top of a wall at A and swings in a vertical plane at the end of a rope of length l Determine the angle θ for which the rope will break, knowing that it can withstand a
A section of track for a roller coaster consists of two circular arcs AB and CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of
A section of track for a roller coaster consists of two circular arcs AB and CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of
A 150-lb sprinter starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 5.4 s over a distance of 110 ft. Neglecting air resistance, determine the average power developed by the sprinter.
(a) A 60-kg woman rides a 7-kg bicycle up a 3 percent slope at a constant speed of 2 m/s. How much power must be developed by the woman? (b) A 90-kg man on a 9-kg bicycle starts down the same slope
It takes 16 s to raise a 2800-lb car and the supporting 650-lb hydraulic car-lift platform to a height of 6.5 ft. Knowing that the overall conversion efficiency from electric to mechanical power for
(a) In the SI system of units, for the power P in kW, in terms of the mass flow rate m in kg/h, the height b, and the horizontal distance l in meters, and (b) In U.S. customary units, for the power
The fluid transmission of a 15-Mg truck allows the engine to deliver an essentially constant power of 50 kW to the driving wheels. Determine the time required and the distance traveled as the speed
A 60-kg runner increases her speed from 2 m/s to 4.3 m/s in 5 s. Assuming she develops constant power during this time interval and neglecting air resistance, determine(a) The power developed,(b) The
A 3000-lb automobile starts from rest and travels 1200 ft during a performance test. The motion of the automobile is defined by the relation12,000 ln(cosh 0.03 x = t), where x and t are expressed in
A 3000-lb automobile starts from rest and travels 1200 ft during a performance test. The motion of the automobile is defined by the relation a = 11e??0.0005x , where a and x are expressed in ft/s2
A force P is slowly applied to a plate that is attached to two springs and causes a deflection n x0. In each of the two cases shown, derive an expression for the constant ke, in terms of k1 and k2,
A collar C of weight m slides without friction on a horizontal rod between springs A and B. If the collar is pushed to the left until spring A is compressed 0.1 m and released, determine the distance
A 4-lb collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is in equilibrium at A when it is pushed 1 in. to the right and released from rest. The springs are undeformed when the collar is
A 4-lb collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is released from rest at A. The undeformed lengths of springs BA and CA are 10 in. and 9 in., respectively, and the constant of
A 750-g collar can slide along the horizontal rod shown. It is attached to an elastic cord with an undeformed length of 300 mm and a spring constant of 150 N/m. Knowing that the collar is released
Solve Prob. 13.59, assuming that the elastic cord has an undeformed length of 450 mm and a spring constant of 150 N/m. Note that the cord becomes slack during part of the motion.
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is resting in equilibrium on a spring. It is pushed down, compressing the spring 6 in., and released. Knowing that the spring constant
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is held so it just touches an undeformed spring. Determine the maximum deflection of the spring (a) If the collar is slowly released
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A. Attached to the bracket and loosely wound around the rod is a spring of constant k = 40 N/m and undeformed length equal to the
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A. Attached to the bracket and loosely wound around the rod is a spring of constant k = 40 N/m and undeformed length equal to the
A spring is used to stop a 200-lb package which is moving down a 20? incline. The spring has a constant k = 125 lb/in. and is held by cables so that it is initially compressed 6 in. Knowing that the
A 10-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a fixed rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of 14 in. and a constant k = 4 lb/in. Knowing that the
Blocks A and B have masses of 4 kg and 1.5 kg, respectively, and are connected by a cord-and-pulley system and released from rest in the position shown with the spring undeformed. Knowing that the
An 4-kg collar A can slide without friction along a vertical rod and is released from rest in the position shown with the springs undeformed. Knowing that the constant of each spring is 300 N/m,
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A. Attached to the bracket and loosely wound around the rod is a spring of constant k = 40 N/m and undeformed length equal to the
A 500-g collar can slide without friction along the semicircular rod BCD. The spring is of constant 320 N/m and its undeformed length is 200 mm. Knowing that the collar is released from rest at B,
A 2.5-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of 4 in. and a constant 20 lb/k = /ft. Knowing that
A 2.5-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of 4 in. and a constant k. The collar is at rest at C
An 8-oz package is projected upward with a velocity v0 by a spring at A; it moves around a frictionless loop and is deposited at C. For each of the two loops shown, determine (a) The smallest
If the package of Prob. 13.73 is not to hit the horizontal surface at C with a speed greater than 10 ft/s,(a) Show that this requirement can be satisfied only by the second loop,(b) Determine the
The pendulum shown is released from rest at A and swings through 90? before the cord touches the fixed peg B. Determine the smallest value of a for which the pendulum bob will describe a circle about

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