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engineering
mechanical engineering
Questions and Answers of
Mechanical Engineering
As strip steel leaves the last set of rotters in a hot rolling mill. it is quenched by planar water jets before being coiled. Due to the large plate temperatures, film boiling is achieved shortly
A copper sphere of 10-mm diameter, initially at a prescribed elevated temperature T;, is quenched in a saturated (1 atm) water bath. Using the lumped capacitance method, estimate the time for the
A tube of 2-mm diameter is used to heat saturated water at 1 atm, which is in cross flow over the tube. Calculate and plot the critical heat flux as a function of water velocity over the range 0 to
Saturated water at 1 atm and velocity 2 m/s flows over a cylindrical heating element of diameter 5mm, what is the maximum heating rate (W/m) for nucleate boiling?
A vertical steel tube carries water at a pressure of 10 bars. Saturated liquid water is pumped into the D = 0.1 m diameter tube at its bottom end (x = 0) with a mean velocity of unt = 0.05 m/s. The
Consider refrigerant R -134a flowing in a smooth, horizontal, l0-mm-inner-diameter tube of wall thickness 2 mm. The refrigerant is at a saturation temperature of 15°C (for which Pv,sat = 23.75
Determine the tube diameter associated with p = 1 atm and a critical Confinement number of 0.5 for ethanol, mercury, water, R-134a, and the dielectric fluid of Problem 10.23.
Saturated steam at 0.1 bar condenses with a convection coefficient of 6800 W/m2 ∙ K on the outside of a brass tube having inner and outer diameters of 16.5 and 19 mm, respectively. The convection
Consider a container exposed to a saturated vapor, Tsat, having a cold bottom surface, Ts < Tsat, and with insulated sidewalls.Calculate the thickness of the liquid layer formed in 1 h for a 200-mm 2
Saturated steam at 1 atm condenses on the outer surface of a vertical. 100-mm-diameter pipe 1 m long, having a uniform surface temperature of 94°C. Estimate the total condensation rate and the heat
Determine the total condensation rate and the heat transfer rate for Problem 10.43 when the steam is saturated at 1.5 bars.
A vertical plate 500 mm high and 200 mm wide is to be used to condense saturated steam at 1 atm(a) At what surface temperature must the plate be maintained to achieve a condensation rate of m = 25
A 2 m x 2 m vertical plate is exposed on one side to saturated steam at atmospheric pressure and on the other side to cooling water that maintains a plate temperature of 50°C.(a) What is the rate of
Saturated ethylene glycol vapor at 1 atm is exposed to a vertical plate 300 mm high and 100 mm wide having a uniform temperature of 420 K. Estimate the heat transfer rate to the plate and the
A vertical plate 2.5 m high, maintained at a uniform temperature of 54°C, is exposed to saturated steam at atmospheric pressure.(a) Estimate the condensation and heat transfer rates per unit width
Two configurations are being considered in the design of a condensing system for steam at 1 atm employing a vertical plate maintained at 90°C. The first configuration is a single vertical plate L X
The condenser of a steam power plant consists of a square (in-line) array of 625 tubes, each of 25-mm diameters; consider conditions for which saturated steam at 0.105 bars condenses on the outer
The condenser of a steam power plant consists of AISI 302 stainless steel tubes (k s = 15 W/m ∙ K) each of outer and inner diameters Do = 30 mm and Di = 26 mm, respectively. Saturated steam at
Saturated vapor from a chemical process condenses at a slow rate on the inner surface of a vertical, thin-walled cylindrical container of length L and diameter D. The container wall is maintained at
Determine the total condensation rate and heat transfer rate for the condensation process of Problem 10.43 when the pipe is horizontal.
An uninsulated, 25-mm-diameter pipe with a surface temperature of 15°C passes through a room having an air temperature of 37°C and relative humidity of 75%. Estimate the condensation rate per unit
A horizontal tube of 50-mm diameter, with a surface temperature of 34°C, is exposed to steam at 0.2bar Estimate the condensation rate and heat transfer rate per unit length of the tube.
A horizontal tube 1 m long with a surface temperature of 70°C is used to condense saturated steam at 1 atm.(a) What diameter is required to achieve a condensation rate of 125 kg/h?(b) Plot the
The Clean Air Act prohibited the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the United States as of 1996. One widely used CFC, refrigerant R-12, has been replaced by R-134a in many applications
Saturated steam at a pressure of 0.1 bar is condensed over a square array of 100 tubes each of diameter 8 mm,(a) If the tube surfaces are maintained at 27°C, estimate the condensation rate per unit
A thin-walled concentric tube heat exchanger of 0.19-m length is to be used to heat deionized water from 40 to 60°C at a flow rate of 5 kg/s. The deionized water flows through the inner tube of
A technique for cooling a multichip module involves submerging the module in a saturated fluorocarbon liquid. Vapor generated due to boiling at the module surface is condensed on the outer surface of
Determine the rate of condensation on a l00-mm-diameter sphere with a surface temperature of 150°C in saturated ethylene glycol vapor at 1 atm. Approximate the liquid properties as those
A l0-mm-diameter copper sphere, initially at a uniform temperature of 50°C, is placed in a large container filled with saturated steam at I atm. Using the lumped capacitance method, estimate the
Saturated steam at 1.5 bars condenses inside a horizontal, 75-mm-diameter pipe whose surface is maintained at 100°C, Assuming low vapor velocities and film condensation estimate the heat transfer
Consider Problem 10.41 In an effort to increase the condensation rate an engineer proposes to apply a L = 100μm thick Teflon coating to the exterior surface of the brass tube to promote drop wise
Consider the conditions of Problem 10.54. Estimate the condensation rate for drop wise condensation.Data From 10-54.An uninsulated, 25-mm-diameter pipe with a surface temperature of 15°C passes
A beverage can with a diameter of 65 mm and a height of 120 mm has a uniform temperature of 5°C when it is removed from the refrigerator. The can is set on a table in a room with an ambient air
A passive technique for cooling heat-dissipating integrated circuits involves submerging the ICs in a low boiling point dielectric fluid. Vapor generated in cooling the circuits is condensed on
A thermosyphon consists of a closed container that absorbs heat along its boiling section and rejects heat along its condensation section. Consider a thermosyphon made from a thin-walled mechanically
A novel scheme for cooling computer chips uses a thermosyphon containing a saturated fluorocarbon. The chip is brazed to the bottom of a cuplike container within which heat is dissipated by boiling
A condenser-boiler section contains a 2-m x 2-m copper plate operating at a uniform temperature of Ts = 100°C and separating saturated steam, which is condensing, from a saturated liquid-X, which
A thin-walled cylindrical container of diameter D and height L is filled to a height y with a low boiling point liquid (A) at Tsat,A. The container is located in a large chamber filled with the vapor
Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using(a) The parallelogram law,(b) The triangle rule.
The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC. Knowing that the tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using(a) The
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 45 lb and Q = 15 lb, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using(a) The
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and knowing that the force in the left-hand rod is F1 = 120 N, determine(a) The required force F2 in the right-hand rod if the
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and knowing that the force in the right-hand rod is F2 = 80 N, determine(a) The required force F1 in the left-hand rod if the
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a′ and b-b′.(a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle α knowing that the component along a-a′ is 35 lb.(b) What is the
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a′ and b-b′.(a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle α knowing that the component along b-b′ is 30 lb.(b) What is the
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that α = 25°, determine (a) The required magnitude of the force P if the
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 300 N, determine(a) The required angle α if the resultant
Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine(a) The required angle α if the resultant R of the two forces applied to
For the hook support of Problem 2.3, using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 25 lb, determine(a) The required magnitude of the force Q if the resultant R of the two forces applied
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry,(a) The magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is
As shown in Figure P2.9, two cables are attached to a sign at A to steady the sign as it is being lowered. Using trigonometry, determine(a) The magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces applied to the support knowing that P = 10 lb and α = 40°.
Solve Problem 2.1 using trigonometry Problem 2.1: Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using(a) The
Solve Problem 2.2 using trigonometry Problem 2.2: The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC. Knowing that the tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically the magnitude and
Solve Problem 2.3 using trigonometry Problem 2.3: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine graphically the magnitude and
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown. Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is 30kN in member A and 20 kN in member B, determine, using
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown. Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is 20 kN in member A and 30 kN in member B, determine, using
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
While emptying a wheelbarrow, a gardener exerts on each handle AB a force P directed along line CD. Knowing that P must have a 135-N horizontal component, determine(a) The magnitude of the force
Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD. Knowing that P must have a 960-N vertical component, determine(a) The magnitude of the force P,(b) Its horizontal component.
Member CB of the vise shown exerts on block B a force P directed along line CB. Knowing that P must have a 260-lb horizontal component, determine(a) The magnitude of the force P,(b) Its vertical
Activator rod AB exerts on crank BCD a force P directed along line AB. Knowing that P must have a 25-lb component perpendicular to arm BC of the crank, determine(a) The magnitude of the force P,(b)
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed along BD. Knowing that P has a 450-N component along line AC, determine(a) The magnitude of the force P,(b) Its component in a
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed along BD. Knowing that P has a 200-N perpendicular to the pole AC, determine(a) The magnitude of the force P,(b) Its component along
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.24. Problem 2.24: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.21. Problem 2.21: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.22. Problem 2.22: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.23. Problem 2.23: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
Knowing that α = 35°, determine the resultant of the three forces shown.
Knowing that α = 65°, determine the resultant of the three forces shown.
Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 145 lb, determine the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of beam AB.
Knowing that α = 50°, determine the resultant of the three forces shown.
Determine(a) The required value of α if the resultant of the three forces shown is to be vertical,(b) The corresponding magnitude of the resultant
For the beam of Problem 2.37, determine(a) The required tension in cable BC if the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B is to be vertical,(b) The corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
Boom AB is held in the position shown by three cables. Knowing that the tensions in cables AC and AD are 4 kN and 5.2 kN, respectively, determine(a) The tension in cable AE if the resultant of the
For the block of Problems 2.35 and 2.36, determine(a) The required value of α of the resultant of the three forces shown is to be parallel to the incline,(b) The corresponding magnitude of the
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Determine the tension(a) In cable AC,(b) In cable BC.
Knowing that α = 25°, determine the tension(a) In cable AC,(b) In rope BC.
Knowing that α = 50° and that boom AC exerts on pin C a force directed long line AC, determine(a) The magnitude of that force,(b) The tension in cable BC.
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Knowing that α = 30°, determine the tension(a) In cable AC,(b) In cable BC
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair E weighs 890 N, determine that weight of the skier in chair F.
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair F weighs 800 N, determine the weight of the skier in chair E
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that FA = 510 lb and FB = 480 lb, determine the magnitudes of the
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that FA = 420 lb and FC = 540 lb, determine the magnitudes of the
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection. Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and the P = 400 lb and Q = 520 lb, determine the magnitudes of the forces exerted on
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection. Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and that the magnitudes of the forces exerted on rods A and B are FA = 600 lb and FB =
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that W = 840 N, determine the tension(a) In cable AC,(b) In cable BC.
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Determine the range of values of W for which the tension will not exceed 1050 N in either cable.
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant speed by cable DE. Knowing that α = 40° and β =
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant speed by cable DE. Knowing that t α = 42° and β =
A block of weight W is suspended from a 500-mm long cord and two springs of which the unstretched lengths are 450 mm. Knowing that the constants of the springs are kAB = 1500 N/m and kAD = 500 N/m,
A load of weight 400 N is suspended from a spring and two cords which are attached to blocks of weights 3W and W as shown. Knowing that the constant of the spring is 800 N/m, determine(a) The value
For the cables and loading of Problem 2.46, determine(a) The value of α for which the tension in cable BC is as small as possible,(b) The corresponding value of the tension.
Knowing that portions AC and BC of cable ACB must be equal, determine the shortest length of cable which can be used to support the load shown if the tension in the cable is not to exceed 725 N.
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable tension in each cable is 200 lb, determine(a) The magnitude of the largest force P which may be applied at C,(b)
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable tension is 300 lb in cable AC and 150 lb in cable BC, determine(a) The magnitude of the largest force P which may
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