Human beta-endorphin (HBE) is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland under conditions of stress. An exercise physiologist measured the resting (unstressed) blood concentration of HBE in three groups of men: 15 who had just entered a physical fitness program, 11 who had been jogging regularly for some time, and 10 sedentary people. The HBE levels (pg/ml) are shown in the following table.5 Calculations based on the raw data yielded SS(between) = 240.69 and SS(within) = 6,887.6.

(a) State the appropriate null hypothesis in words, in the context of this setting.
(b) State the null hypothesis in symbols.
(c) Construct the ANOVA table and test the null hypothesis. Let α = 0.05.
(d) Calculate the pooled standard deviation, Spooled.

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Fitness program entrants 38.7 16.1 15 Joggers Sedentary Mean SD /t 35.7 13.4 42.5 12.8 10