If the outer electron in sodium moves in the n = 3 Bohr orbit, the effective nuclear charge would be Z’e = 1e, and the energy of the electron would be –13.6 eV/3² = –1.51 eV. However, the ionization energy of sodium is 5.14 eV, not 1.51 eV. Use this fact and Equation 37-45 to calculate the effective nuclear charge Z’ seen by the outer electron in sodium. Assume that r = 9a₀ for the outer electron.

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1 kz'e? 37-45 2