In a competitive market with no government intervention, the equilibrium price is $10 and the equilibrium quantity is 10,000 units. Explain whether the market will clear under each of the following forms of government intervention:
a) The government imposes an excise tax of $1 per unit.
b) The government pays a subsidy of $5 per unit produced.
c) The government sets a price floor of $12.
d) The government sets a price ceiling of $8.
e) The government sets a production quota, allowing only 5000 units to be produced.