In a series of studies, Strayer et al. (2003) examined the distraction of drivers in a driving simulation because of cell phone conversations. They hypothesized that driving errors would be made because of inattention to objects in the visual field while one is driving and talking on a phone. Specifically in one of their studies they examined memory for billboards that participants were shown during the simulation while either talking or not talking on a cell phone. They used a repeated measures design so the same participants were tested under both conditions.
1. What factors did they need to consider in the design of their study in order to counteract any potential problems with a repeated measures design?
2. What advantages does a repeated measures design offer over an independent two-group experiment in the Strayer et al. (2003) study?
3. Would a matched design have been a more effective design for Strayer et al.'s (2003) study? Explain your response.