In the seventeenth century, Pascal performed the experiment shown in figure. A wine barrel filled with water was coupled to a long tube. Water was added to the tube until the barrel burst.

(a) If the radius of the lid was 20 cm and the height of the water in the tube was 12 m, calculate the force exerted on the lid.

(b) If the tube had an inner radius of 3 mm, what mass of water in the tube caused the pressure that burst thebarrel?