Indicate how each of the following would shift the
(1) Marginal-cost curve,
(2) Average-variable-cost curve,
(3) Average-fixed-cost curve,
(4) Average-total-cost curve of a manufacturing firm.
In each case specify the direction of the shift.
a. A reduction in business property taxes.
b. An increase in the nominal wages of production workers.
c. A decrease in the price of electricity.
d. An increase in insurance rates on plant and equipment.
e. An increase in transportation costs.