Martin Mazurie, a non-Indian, operated a bar on land he owned near an Indian reservation. A federal statute authorized Indian tribes to control the distribution of alcoholic beverages on their reservations. Mazurie was denied a tribal liquor license that would have allowed him to distribute alcohol on the reservation; He was then convicted by the tribe of introducing spirituous beverages into Indian country. Mazurie appealed, claiming that as a non-Indian landowner who was also not on the reservation itself he was not subject to Indian authority and that the federal statute authorizing tribal regulation of alcoholic beverages was an unconstitutional delegation of authority by Congress to a private body. The U.S. Court of Appeals agreed with Mazurie, holding: "Congress cannot delegate its authority to a private, voluntary organization, which is obviously not a governmental agency, to regulate a business on privately owned lands, no matter where located." The Indian tribe appealed. Can Congress delegate power to an Indian tribe to regulate non-Indians on the reservation?