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mathematics
statistics

Questions and Answers of Statistics

A discrete variable can take on only the values 0, 1, or 2. A set of 20 measurements on this variable is shown here:a. Construct a relative frequency histogram for the data.b. What proportion of the
Identify each variable as quantitative or qualitative: a. Amount of time it takes to assemble a simple puzzle b. Number of students in a first-grade classroom c. Rating of a newly elected politician
Refer to Exercise 1.19.Exercise 1.19A discrete variable can take on only the values 0, 1, or 2. A set of 20 measurements on this variable is shown here:a. Draw a dotplot to describe the data. b. How
An experimental psychologist measured the length of time it took for a rat to successfully navigate a maze on each of 5 days. The results are shown in the table. Create a line chart to describe the
The value of a quantitative variable is measured once a year for a 10-year period. Here are the data:a. Create a line chart to describe the variable as it changes over time. b. Describe the
Create a dotplot for the number of cheeseburgers consumed in a given week by 10 college students.a. How would you describe the shape of the distribution? b. What proportion of the students ate more
The test scores on a 100-point test were recorded for 20 students:a. Use an appropriate graph to describe the data.b. Describe the shape and location of the scores.c. Is the shape of the distribution
Altman and Bland report the survival times for patients with active hepatitis, half treated with prednisone and half receiving no treatment.7 The data that follow are adapted from their data for
The length of time (in months) between the onset of a particular illness and its recurrence was recorded for n = 50 patients:a. Construct a relative frequency histogram for the data.b. Would you
Education pays off, according to a snapshot provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The median weekly earnings for six different levels of education are shown in the table:a. What graphical
The ages (in months) at which 50 children were first enrolled in a preschool are listed below.a. Construct a stem and leaf display for the data.b. Construct a relative frequency histogram for these
Statistics of the world's religions are only very rough approximations, since many religions do not keep track of their membership numbers. An estimate of these numbers (in millions) is shown in the
Identify the following quantitative variables as discrete or continuous: a. Population in a particular area of the United States b. Weight of newspapers recovered for recycling on a single day c.
To decide on the number of service counters needed for stores to be built in the future, a supermarket chain wanted to obtain information on the length of time (in minutes) required to service
Refer to Exercise 1.30. Construct a relative frequency histogram for the supermarket service times.Exercise 1.30To decide on the number of service counters needed for stores to be built in the
The calcium (Ca) content of a powdered mineral substance was analyzed 10 times with the following percent compositions recorded:a. Draw a dotplot to describe the data.b. Draw a stem and leaf plot for
The following table lists the ages at the time of death for the 38 deceased American presidents from George Washington to Ronald Reagan:a. Construct a stem and leaf plot for the data. Describe the
The red blood cell count of a healthy person was measured on each of 15 days. The number recorded is measured in 106 cells per micro liter (µL).a. Use an appropriate graph to describe the data.b.
The officials of major league baseball have crowned a batting champion in the National League each year since 1876. A sample of winning batting averages is listed in the table:a. Construct a relative
The table that follows shows the weekend gross ticket sales for the top 20 movies for the weekend of June 25, 2010:a. Draw a stem and leaf plot for the data. Describe the shape of the distribution.
How safe is your neighborhood? Are there any hazardous waste sites nearby? The table shows the number of hazardous waste sites in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the year
Identify each variable as quantitative or qualitative: a. Ethnic origin of a candidate for public office b. Score (0-100) on a placement examination c. Fast-food establishment preferred by a student
Do you expect the distributions of the following variables to be symmetric or skewed? Explain. a. Size in dollars of non secured loans b. Size in dollars of secured loans c. Price of an 8-ounce can
Identify each quantitative variable as discrete or continuous. a. Number of boating accidents along a 50-mile stretch of the Colorado River b. Time required to complete a questionnaire c. Cost of a
Identify each variable as continuous or discrete: a. Number of homicides in Detroit during a 1-month period b. Length of time between arrivals at an outpatient clinic c. Number of typing errors on a
Identify each variable as continuous or discrete: a. Weight of two dozen shrimp b. A person's body temperature c. Number of people waiting for treatment at a hospital emergency room d. Number of
Identify each variable as continuous or discrete: a. Number of people in line at a supermarket checkout counter b. Depth of a snowfall c. Length of time for a driver to respond when faced with an
Aqua running has been suggested as a method of cardiovascular conditioning for injured athletes and others who want a low-impact aerobics program. A study reported in the Journal of Sports Medicine
A lake is a body of water surrounded by land. Hence, some bodies of water named "seas," like the Caspian Sea, are actual salt lakes. In the table that follows, the length in miles is listed for the
We collected 50 pennies and recorded their ages, by calculatingAGE = CURRENT YEAR - YEAR ON PENNY.a. Before drawing any graphs, try to visualize what the distribution of penny ages will look like.
The data below represent the ages of a different set of 50 pennies, again calculated using AGE = CURRENT YEAR - YEAR ON PENNY.a. Draw a relative frequency histogram to describe the distribution of
Here is a list of the 44 presidents of the United States along with the number of regular vetoes used by each:Use an appropriate graph to describe the number of vetoes cast by the 44 presidents.
Are some cities more windy than others? Does Chicago deserve to be nicknamed "The Windy City"? These data are the average wind speeds (in miles per hour) for 54 selected cities in the United
The following data set shows the winning times (in seconds) for the Kentucky Derby races from 1950 to 2010.a. Do you think there will be a trend in the winning times over the years? Draw a line chart
Six vehicles are selected from the vehicles that are issued campus parking permits, and the following data are recorded:a. What are the experimental units? b. What are the variables being measured?
On April 20, 2010, the United States experienced a major environmental disaster when a Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. The number of personnel and equipment used in the
The 2008 election was a race in which Barack Obama defeated John McCain and other candidates, receiving 53% of the popular vote. The popular vote (in thousands) for Barack Obama in each of the 50
Refer to Exercise 1.51. Listed here is the percentage of the popular vote received by President Obama in each of the 50 states:Exercise 1.51 The 2008 election was a race in which Barack Obama
The accompanying stem and leaf plots were generated using MINITAB for the variables named "Popular Vote" and "Percent Vote."For Information: Refer to Exercises 1.51 and 1.52.Exercises 1.51 and
The self-reported heights of 105 students in a biostatistics class are described in the relative frequency histogram below.a. Describe the shape of the distribution. b. Do you see any unusual feature
Much of the world's diamond industry is located in Africa, with Russia and Canada also showing large revenues from their diamond mining industry. A visual representation of the various shares of the
A group of 50 biomedical students recorded their pulse rates by counting the number of beats for 30 seconds and multiplying by 2.a. Why are all of the measurements even numbers?b. Draw a stem and
Students at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), along with many other Californians love their Starbucks! The distances in miles from campus for the 41 Starbucks stores within 10 miles of
In the spring of 2010, almost all of the 50 U.S. states plus the District of Columbia were facing drastic financial crises, with many planning across-the-board budget cuts, layoffs, higher education
An article in Archaeometry involved an analysis of 26 samples of Romano-British pottery, found at four different kiln sites in the United Kingdom.18 The samples were analyzed to determine their
A data set consists of the ages at death for each of the 38 past presidents of the United States now deceased. a. Is this set of measurements a population or a sample? b. What is the variable being
Want to lose weight? You can do it by cutting calories, as long as you get enough nutritional value from the foods that you do eat! Below you will see a visual representation of the number of
An informal experiment was conducted at McNair Academic High School in Jersey City, New Jersey, to investigate the use of laptop computers as a learning tool in the study of algebra.20 A freshman
The data below are the waiting times between eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. Use one of the graphical methods from this chapter to describe the distribution of
The following are the 2010 state gasoline tax in cents per gallon for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.a. Construct a stem and leaf display for the data.b. How would you describe the
The following data represent the planned rated capacities in megawatts (millions of watts) for the world's 20 largest hydroelectric plants.a. Construct a stem and leaf display for the data.b. How
The most popular colors for compact and sports cars in a recent year are given in the table.Use an appropriate graphical display to describe these data.
The number of Starbucks coffee shops in cities within 20 miles of the University of California, Riverside is shown in the following table.a. Draw a dotplot to describe the data. b. Describe the shape
The 98.6 degree standard for human body temperature was derived by a German doctor in 1868. In an attempt to verify his claim, Mackowiak, Wasserman, and Levine took temperatures from 148 healthy
You are a candidate for your state legislature, and you want to survey voter attitudes regarding your chances of winning. Identify the population that is of interest to you and from which you would
A medical researcher wants to estimate the survival time of a patient after the onset of a particular type of cancer and after a particular regimen of radiotherapy.a. What is the variable of interest
An educational researcher wants to evaluate the effectiveness of a new method for teaching reading to deaf students. Achievement at the end of a period of teaching is measured by a student's score on
Blood pressure is the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries. When physicians or nurses measure your blood pressure, they take two readings. The systolic blood pressure is
You are given n = 5 measurements: 0, 5, 1, 1, 3. a. Draw a dotplot for the data. Guess the approximate "center." b. Find the mean, median, and mode. c. Locate the three measures of center on the
In a psychological experiment, the time on task was recorded for 10 subjects under a 5-minute time constraint. These measurements are in seconds:a. Find the average time on task.b. Find the median
The number of Starbucks coffee shops in 21 cities within 20 miles of the University of California, Riverside is shown in the following table.a. Find the mean, the median, and the mode.b. Compare the
The "Wii" is an interactive gaming console popular among many gamers. Its cost can vary dramatically, depending on where it is purchased. The website www.pricegrabber .com lists l4 online sellers
You are given n = 5 measurements: 2, 1, 1, 3, 5.a. Calculate the sample mean, .b. Calculate the sample variance, s2, using the formula given by the definition.c. Find the sample standard deviation,
You are given n = 8 measurements: 4, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2.a. Find the range.b. Calculate .c. Calculate s2 and s using the computing formula.
You are given n = 8 measurements: 3, 1, 5, 6, 4, 4, 3, 5. a. Calculate the range. b. Calculate the sample mean. c. Calculate the sample variance and standard deviation. d. Compare the range and the
An article in Archaeometry involved an analysis of 26 samples of Romano-British pottery found at four different kiln sites in the United Kingdom. The samples were analyzed to determine their chemical
The monthly utility bills for a household in Riverside, California, were recorded for 12 consecutive months starting in January 2010:a. Calculate the range of the utility bills for the year 2010.b.
A set of n = 10 measurements consists of the values 5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3. a. Use the range approximation to estimate the value of s for this set. b. Use your calculator to find the actual
You are given n 8 measurements: 3, 2, 5, 6, 4, 4, 3, 5.a. Find .b. Find m.c. Based on the results of parts a and b, are the measurements symmetric or skewed? Draw a dotplot to confirm your answer.
Suppose you want to create a mental picture of the relative frequency histogram for a large data set consisting of 1000 observations, and you know that the mean and standard deviation of the data set
A distribution of measurements is relatively mound-shaped with mean 50 and standard deviation 10.a. What proportion of the measurements will fall between 40 and 60?b. What proportion of the
A set of data has a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 5. You know nothing else about the size of the data set or the shape of the data distribution.a. What can you say about the proportion of
The length of time required for an automobile driver to respond to a particular emergency situation was recorded for n = 10 drivers. The times (in seconds) were .5, .8, 1.1, .7, .6, .9, .7, .8, .7,
The data listed here are the weights (in pounds) of 27 packages of ground beef in a supermarket meat display:a. Construct a stem and leaf plot or a relative frequency histogram to display the
Is your breathing rate normal? Actually, there is no standard breathing rate for humans. It can vary from as low as 4 breaths per minute to as high as 70 or 75 for a person engaged in strenuous
A geologist collected 20 different ore samples, all the same weight, and randomly divided them into two groups. She measured the titanium (Ti) content of the samples using two different methods.a.
A group of 70 students were asked to record the last digit of their social security number.a. Draw a relative frequency histogram using the values 0 through 9 as the class midpoints. What is the
Refer to the data set in Exercise 2.27.Exercise 2.27A group of 70 students were asked to record the last digit of their social security number.a. Find the percentage of measurements in the intervals
A group of laboratory animals is infected with a particular form of bacteria, and their survival time is found to average 32 days, with a standard deviation of 36 days. a. Visualize the distribution
You are given n = 10 measurements: 3, 5, 4, 6, 10, 5, 6, 9, 2, 8. a. Calculate . b. Find m. c. Find the mode.
Refer to Exercise 2.29. You can use the Empirical Rule to see why the distribution of survival times could not be mound-shaped. Exercise 2.29 A group of laboratory animals is infected with a
To estimate the amount of lumber in a tract of timber, an owner decided to count the number of trees with diameters exceeding 12 inches in randomly selected 50-by-50-foot squares. Seventy
The prices of a 6-ounce can or a 7.06-ounce pouch for 14 different brands of water packed light tuna, based on prices paid nationally in supermarkets are reproduced here.For Information: Refer to
The data below are 30 waiting times between eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park.a. Calculate the range.b. Use the range approximation to approximate the standard
The table below shows the names of the 43 presidents of the United States along with the number of their children.a. Construct a relative frequency histogram to describe the data. How would you
The percentage of iron oxide in each of five pottery samples collected at the Island Thorns site was:a. Use the range approximation to find an estimate of s, using an appropriate divisor from Table
The number of passes completed by Aaron Rodgers, quarterback for the Minnesota Vikings, was recorded for each of the 15 regular season games that he played in the fall of 2010 (www.ESPN.com):a. Draw
Suppose that some measurements occur more than once and that the data x1, x2,..., xk are arranged in a frequency table as shown here:The formulas for the mean and variance for grouped data are Notice
High school students in an International Baccalaureate (IB) program are placed in accelerated or advanced courses and must take IB examinations in each of six subject areas at the end of their junior
To illustrate the utility of the Empirical Rule, consider a distribution that is heavily skewed to the right, as shown in the accompanying figure.a. Calculate and s for the data shown.b. Construct
The cost of automobile insurance has become a sore subject in California because insurance rates are dependent on so many different variables, such as the city in which you live, the number of cars
Given the following data set: 8, 7, 1, 4, 6, 6, 4, 5, 7, 6, 3, 0a. Find the five-number summary and the IQR.b. Calculate and s.c. Calculate the z-score for the smallest and largest observations. Is
Find the five-number summary and the IQR for these data:
Given the following data set: 2.3, 1.0, 2.1, 6.5, 2.8, 8.8, 1.7, 2.9, 4.4, 5.1, 2.0 a. Find the positions of the lower and upper quartiles. b. Sort the data from smallest to largest and find the
Given the following data set: .23, .30, .35, .41, .56, .58, .76, .80 a. Find the lower and upper quartiles. b. Calculate the IQR. c. Calculate the lower and upper fences. Are there any outliers?
Construct a box plot for these data and identify any outliers:
Construct a box plot for these data and identify any outliers:
Environmental scientists are increasingly concerned with the accumulation of toxic elements in marine mammals and the transfer of such elements to the animals' offspring. The striped dolphin
The weights (in pounds) of the 27 packages of ground beef from Exercise 2.24 (see data set EX0224) are listed here in order from smallest to largest:a. Confirm the values of the mean and standard
How does Aaron Rodgers, quarterback for the 2011 Super Bowl winners, the Green Bay Packers, compare to Drew Brees, quarterback for the 2010 Super Bowl winners, the New Orleans Saints? The table below

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