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Questions and Answers of
Statistics
A nutritionist wants to understand the influence of income and healthy food on the incidence of smoking. He collects 2009 data on the percentage of smokers in each state in the United States and the
A researcher examines the factors that influence student performance. She gathers data on 224 school districts in Massachusetts. The response variable is the students’ mean score on a
Consider a linear regression model where y represents the response variable and d1 and d2 are dummy variables.The model is estimated as = 160 + 15d1 + 32d2.a. Compute for d1 + 1 and d2 + 1.b.
An executive researcher wants to better understand the factors that explain differences in salaries for marketing majors. He decides to estimate two models: y = β0 + β1d1 + (Model 1) and y = β0
Consider the results of a survey where students were asked about their GPA and also to break down their typical 24-hour day into study, leisure (including work), and sleep. Consider the model GPA =
A capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for Johnson & Johnson (J&J) was discussed in Example 12.10 in Chapter 12.The model uses the risk-adjusted stock return R - Rf for J&J as the
An analyst uses quarterly data to study the relationship between retail sales (y, in $ millions), gross national product (x, in $ billions), and a dummy variable d that equals 1 if the sales are for
The SAT has gone through many revisions over the years. In 2005, a new writing section was introduced that includes a direct writing measure in the form of an essay. People argue that female students
Use the data described in Exercise 11 to estimate a linear regression model with Math as the response variable and GPA and Gender as the explanatory variables.a. Compute the predicted math score for
A researcher in the education department wants to determine if the number of hours that business students study per week at a state university varies by quarter. He conducts a survey where business
A recent study examined “sidewalk rage” in an attempt to find insight into anger’s origins and offer suggestions for anger-management treatments (The Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2011).
Jack Sprague is the relocation specialist for a real estate firm in the town of Arlington, Massachusetts. He has been working with a client who wishes to purchase a single-family home in Arlington.
American football is the highest-paying sport on a per-game basis. Given that the quarter-back is considered the most important player on the team, he is typically well-compensated.A sports
According to a recent report by the government, new home construction fell to an 18-month low in October 2010 (CNNMoney.com, November 17, 2010). Housing starts, or the number of new homes being
Ever since the introduction of New Coke failed miserably in the 1980s, most food and beverage companies have been cautious about changing the taste or formula of their signature offerings. In an
It is common to ignore the thyroid gland of women during pregnancy ( New York Times, April 13, 2009). This gland makes hormones that govern metabolism, helping to regulate body weight, heart rate,
Enacted in 1998, the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act requires firms to obtain parental consent before tracking the information and the online movement of children; however, the act applies
In 2008, it appeared that rising gas prices had made Californians fess resistant to offshore drilling. A Field Poll survey showed that a higher proportion of Californians supported the idea of
For each of the following examples of data, determine the type.a. The number of miles joggers run per weekb. The starting salaries of graduates of MBA programsc. The months in which a firm’s
For each of the following examples of data, determine the type.a. The weekly closing price of the stock of Amazon.comb. The month of highest vacancy rate at a La Quinta motelc. The size of soft drink
The placement office at a university regularly surveys the graduates 1 year after graduation and asks for the following information. For each, determine the type of data.a. What is your occupation?b.
Residents of condominiums were recently surveyed and asked a series of questions. Identify the type of data for each question.a. What is your age?b. On what floor is your condominium?c. Do you own or
A sample of shoppers at a mall was asked the following questions. Identify the type of data each question would produce.a. What is your age?b. How much did you spend?c. What is your marital status?d.
Information about a magazine’s readers is of interest to both the publisher and the magazine’s advertisers. A survey of readers asked respondents to complete the following:a. Ageb. Genderc.
Baseball fans are regularly asked to offer their opinions about various aspects of the sport. A survey asked the following questions. Identify the type of data.a. How many games do you attend
When will the world run out of oil? One way to judge is to determine the oil reserves of the countries around the world. The next table displays the known oil reserves of the top 15 countries.
Refer to Exercise. The total reserves in the world are 1,481,526,000,000 barrels. The total reserves of the top 15 countries are 1,350,140,000,000 barrels. Use a graphical technique that emphasizes
The following table lists the average oil consumption per day for the top 15 oil-consuming countries. Use a graphical technique to present these figures.ConsumptionCountry (barrels per day)Brazil
There are 42 gallons in a barrel of oil. The number of products produced and the proportion of the total are listed in the following table. Draw a graph to depict these numbers.ProductPercent of
The following table displays the energy consumption pattern of Australia. The figures measure the heat content in metric tons (1,000 kilograms) of oil equivalent. Draw a graph that depicts these
The planet may be threatened by global warming, possibly caused by burning fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, and coal) that produces carbon dioxide (CO2). The following table lists the top 15
The production of steel has often been used as a measure of the economic strength of a country. The following table lists the steel production in the 20 largest steel-producing nations in 2011. The
In 2009 (latest figures available), the United States generated 243.0 million tons of garbage. The following table lists the amounts by source. Use one or more graphical techniques to present these
In the past five years, the city of Toronto has intensified its efforts to reduce the amount of garbage that is taken to landfill sites. (Currently, the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) disposes of its
The following table lists the top 10 countries and amounts of oil (millions of barrels annually) they exported to the United States in 2010.Oil Imports (millionsCountry of barrels annually)Algeria
The following table lists the percentage of males and females in five age groups that did not have health insurance in the United States in September 2008. Use a graphical technique to present
The following table lists the average costs for a family of four to watch a game at an National Football League (NFL) stadium compared to a Canadian Football League (CFL) stadium. Use a graphical
Productivity growth is critical to the economic well-being of companies and countries. In the following table, we list the average annual growth rate (percentage) in productivity for the Organization
In an attempt to stimulate the economy in 2008, the U.S. government issued rebate checks totaling $107 billion. A survey conducted by the National Retail Federation (NRF) asked recipients what they
Refer to Exercise. Those who responded that they planned to buy something were asked what they intended to buy. Here is a list of their responses:1. Home improvement project2. Purchase appliances3.
What are the most important characteristics of colleges and universities? This question was asked of a sample of college-bound high school seniors. The responses included:1. Location2. Majors3.
Where do consumers get information about cars? A sample of recent car buyers was asked to identify the most useful source of information about the cars they purchased. The responses include:1.
A survey asked 392 homeowners which area of the home they would most like to renovate. The responses and frequencies are shown here. Use a graphical technique to present these results. Briefly
Subway train riders frequently pass the time by reading a newspaper. New York City has a subway and four newspapers. A sample of 360 subway riders who regularly read a newspaper were asked to
Who applies to MBA programs? To help determine the background of the applicants, a sample of 230 applicants to a university’s business school were asked to report their undergraduate degree. The
Many business and economics courses require the use of computer, so students often must buy their own computers. A survey asks students to identify which computer brand they have purchased.The
An increasing number of statistics courses use a computer and software rather than manual calculations. A survey of statistics instructors asked each to report the software his or her course uses.
The total light beer sales in the United States is approximately three million gallons annually. With this large a market, breweries often need to know more about who is buying their product. The
What race do you consider yourself (RACE)?1. White2. Black3. OtherSummarize the results using an appropriate graphical technique and interpret your findings.
Indicate your highest degree completed (DEGREE).0. Left high school1. Completed high school2. Completed junior college3. Completed bachelor’s degree4. Completed graduate degreeUse a graphical
What is your marital status (MARITAL)?1. Married2. Widowed3. Divorced4. Separated5. Never Marrieda. Create a frequency distributionb. Use a method to present these data and briefly explain what the
To which class do you belong (CLASS)?1. Lower class2. Working class3. Middle class4. Upper classSummarize the data using a graphical method and describe your findings.
What race do you consider yourself (RACE)?1. White2. Black3. OtherSummarize the results using an appropriate graphical technique and interpret your findings. Discuss.
Indicate your highest degree completed (DEGREE).0. Left high school1. Completed high school2. Completed junior college3. Completed bachelor’s degree4. Completed graduate degreeUse a graphical
Has the educational level of adults changed over the past two decades? To help answer this question, the Bureau of Labor Statistics compiled the following table, which lists the number (1,000) of
How do governments spend the tax dollars they collect, and has this changed over the past decade? The following table displays state and local government expenditures for public works in years 1995,
The following table displays the energy consumption patterns of Australia and New Zealand. The figures measure the heat content in metric tons (1,000 kilograms) of oil equivalent. Use a graphical
The average loss from robbery in the United States in 2009 was $1,246. (Source U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation). Suppose that government agency wanted to know whether the type of robbery differs
The associate dean of a business school was looking for ways to improve the quality of the applicants to its MBA program. In particular, she wanted to know whether the undergraduate degree of
Is there brand loyalty among car owners in their purchases of gasoline? To help answer the question, car owners were asked to record the brand of gasoline in their last two purchases (1 = Exxon, 2 =
The costs of smoking for individuals companies for whom they work, and society in general are in the many billions of dollars. In an effort to reduce smoking various government and nongovernment
In 2009, 8,626,000 men and 6,199,000 women were unemployed at some time during the year. A statistics practitioner wanted to investigate the reason for that unemployment status and whether the
In 2010, the total number of prescriptions sold in the United States was 3,676,000. (Source: National Association of Drug Store Chains.) The sales manager of a chain of drug stores wanted to
Refer to Exercise. Also recorded was the gender (1 = Male, 2 = Female) of the respondents. Use a graphical technique to determine whether the choice of light beers differs between genders.In
At Yankee Stadium, 200 people who had purchased food were asked to rate the quality of the food. The responses included:1. Poor2. Fair3. Good4. Very good5. ExcellentDraw a graph that describes the
There are several ways to teach applied statistics. The most popular approaches include:1. Emphasize manual calculations2. Use a computer combined with manual calculations3. Use a computer
Which Internet search engines are the most popular? A survey undertaken by the Financial Post asked random samples of Americans and Canadians that question. The responses included:1. Google2.
The Red Lobster restaurant chain conducts regular surveys of its customers to monitor the performance of individual restaurants. One of the questions asks customers to rate the overall quality of
Many countries are lowering taxes on corporations in an effort to be more attractive for investment. In the next table, we list the marginal effective corporate tax rates among Organization for
At the end of fiscal year 2012 (September 30, 2012), the U.S. government owed $16.2 trillion. Who owns that debt? The following table lists the amounts owed as of September 30, 2012. Use a graphical
A survey of the business school graduates undertaken by a university placement office asked, among other questions, in which area each person was employed. The areas of employment included:1.
The Wilfrid Laurier University bookstore conducts annual surveys of its customers. One question asks respondents to rate the prices of textbooks.The wording is, “The bookstore’s prices of
The number of items rejected daily by a manufacturer because of defects was recorded for the past 30 days. The results are as follows.a. Construct a histogram.b. Construct an ogive.c. Describe the
The final exam in a third-year organizational behavior course requires students to write several essay-style answers. The numbers of pages for a sample of 25 exams were recorded. These data are shown
A large investment firm on Wall Street wants to review the distribution of ages of its stock-brokers. The firm believes that this information can be useful in developing plans to recruit new brokers.
The numbers of weekly sales calls by a sample of 30 telemarketers are listed here. Draw a histogram of these data and describeit.
The amount of time (in seconds) needed to complete a critical task on an assembly line was measured for a sample of 50 assemblies. These data are as follows:a. Draw a stem-and-leaf display.b. Draw a
A survey of individuals in a mall asked 60 people how many stores they will enter during this visit to the mall. The responses are listed here.a. Draw a histogram.b. Draw an ogive.c. Describe
A survey asked 50 baseball fans to report the number of games they attended last year. The results are listed here. Use an appropriate graphical technique to present these data and describe what you
To help determine the need for more golf courses, a survey was undertaken. A sample of 75 self-declared golfers was asked how many rounds of golf they played last year. These data are as
The annual incomes for a sample of 200 first-year accountants were recorded. Summarize these data using a graphical method. Describe your results.
The real estate board in a suburb of Los Angeles wanted to investigate the distribution of the prices (in $ thousands) of homes sold during the past year.a. Draw a histogram.b. Draw an ogive.c. Draw
The number of customers entering a bank in the first hour of operation for each of the last 200 days was recorded. Use a graphical technique to extract information. Describe your findings.
The lengths of time (in minutes) to serve 420 customers at a local restaurant were recorded.a. How many bins should a histogram of these data contain?b. Draw a histogram using the number of bins
The marks of 320 students on an economics midterm test were recorded. Use a graphical technique to summarize these data. What does the graph tell you?
The lengths (in inches) of 150 newborn babies were recorded. Use whichever graphical technique you judge suitable to describe these data. What have you learned from the graph?
The number of copies made by an office copier was recorded for each of the past 75 days. Graph the data using a suitable technique. Describe what the graph tells you.
Each of a sample of 240 tomatoes grown with a new type of fertilizer was weighed (in ounces) and recorded. Draw a histogram and describe your findings.
The volume of water used by each of a sample of 350 households was measured (in gallons) and recorded. Use a suitable graphical statistical method to summarize the data. What does the graph tell you?
The number of books shipped out daily by Amazon.com was recorded for 100 days. Draw a histogram and describe your findings.
The GSS asked respondents to specify their highest year of school completed (EDUC).a. Is this type of data interval, ordinal, or nominal?b. Use a graphical technique to present these data for the
Graphically display the results of the GSS 2012 question: On average days how many hours do you spend watching television (TVHOURS)? Briefly describe what you have discovered.
Employ a graphical technique to present the ages (AGE) of the respondents in the 2012 survey. Describe your results.
If working, full or part time, how many hours did you work last week at all jobs (HRS1)? Summarize these data with a graphical technique.
Graphically display the results of the GSS 2010 question, on average days how many hours do you spend watching television (TVHOURS)? Briefly describe what you have discovered.
Employ a graphical technique to present the ages (AGE) of the respondents in the 2010 survey. Describe your results.
The fees television broadcasters pay to cover the summer Olympic Games has become the largest source of revenue for the host country. Below we list the year, city, and revenue in millions of U.S.
The number of females enlisted in the U.S. army from 1971 to 2010 (in thousands) is listed here. Draw a line chart and describe what the chart tellsyou.
The United States spends more money on health care than any other country. To gauge how fast costs are increasing the following table was produced, which lists the total health care expenditures in
The number of earned degrees (thousands) for males and females is listed below for the years 1987 to 2003. Graph both sets of data. What do the graphs tellyou?
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