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Questions and Answers of
Statistics
Refer to Exercise 14.24. The linear equation is y = 30 + 55x.a. find the y-intercept and slope of the specified linear equation.b. explain what the y-intercept and slope represent in terms of the
Refer to Exercise 14.25. The linear equation is y = 32 + 1.8x. a. Determine b0 and b1. b. Find the Fahrenheit temperatures corresponding to the Celsius temperatures −40◦, 0◦, 20◦, and
Refer to Exercise 14.26. The linear equation is y = 64 − 32x. a. Determine b0 and b1 for this linear equation. b. Determine the velocity of the ball after 1, 2, 3, and 4 sec. c. Graph the linear
Regarding a scatterplot, a. Identify one of its uses. b. What property should it have to obtain a regression line for the data?
Regarding the two variables under consideration in a regression analysis, a. What is the dependent variable called? b. What is the independent variable called?
Line A: y = 9 2x, Line B: y = 6 xData points:We have presented two linear equations and a set of data points. For each exercise, a. Plot the data points and the first linear
Line A: y = 1 + 3x, Line B: y = 1 + 2xData points:We have presented two linear equations and a set of data points. For each exercise, a. Plot the data points and the first linear equation
Line A: y = 1.5 + 0.5x, Line B: y = 1.125 + 0.375xData points:We have presented two linear equations and a set of data points. For each exercise, a. Plot the data points and the first linear equation
Line A: y = 3 0.6x, Line B: y = 4 xData points:We have presented two linear equations and a set of data points. For each exercise, a. Plot the data points and the first
For a set of n data points, the sample covariance, sxy, is given byThe sample covariance can be used as an alternative method for finding the slope and y-intercept of a regression line. The formulas
A collection of observations of a variable y taken at regular intervals over time is called a time series. Economic data and electrical signals are examples of time series. We can think of a time
In the article "Effects of Human Population, Area, and Time on Non-native Plant and Fish Diversity in the United States" (Biological Conservation, Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 243-252), M. McKinney
From the website Golf.com, part of Sports Illustrated Sites, we obtained the scores for the first and second rounds of the 2013 U.S. Open golf tournament. You will find those scores on the WeissStats
Identify one use of a regression equation.
Recall from Chapter 1 (see page 34) that the Focus database and Focus sample contain information on the undergraduate students at the University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire (UWEC). Now would be a good
Box Office Mojo collects and posts data on movie grosses. For a random sample of 50 movies, we obtained both the domestic (U.S.) and overseas grosses, in millions of dollars. The data are presented
In this section, we used the statistic b1 as a basis for conducting a hypothesis test to decide whether a regression equation is useful for prediction. Identify two other statistics that can be used
From the website Golf.com, part of Sports Illustrated Sites, we obtained the scores for the first and second rounds of the 2013 U.S. Open golf tournament. You will find those scores on the WeissStats
The data from Exercise 16.54 on the proportions of fish with empty stomachs among four species in African waters. Use a 99% family confidence level. use the technology of your choice to perform and
The data from Exercise 16.56 on the concentrations, in milligrams per liter, of each of four chemicals among three different wells. Use a 99% family confidence level. Use the technology of your
The data from Exercise 16.57 on the number of minutes per hour that male Rock Sparrows sang in the vicinity of the nests after patch-size manipulations were done on three different groups of females.
The data from Exercise 16.58 on the volume of material worn away, in cubic millimeters, among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 95% family confidence level. Use the
The data from Exercise 16.59 on the Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the occlusal surfaces among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 95% family confidence level. Use the
Following are summary statistics from Exercise 16.60 on IQ for samples of children at age 71/2-8 years who were born preterm. The researchers used the following designations. Group I: mothers
In the following table are summary statistics from Exercise 16.61 on body-mass indexes (BMI) of the women in five denosumab treatment groups. Use a family confidence level of 0.90. Here
In the following table are summary statistics from Exercise 16.62 on body lengths, in meters, of minke whales entangled at four different ocean depths, in meters. Use a 99% family confidence level.
Following are summary statistics from Exercise 16.63 on starting salaries, in thousands of dollars, for samples of bachelor's-degree graduates in six fields. Use a family confidence level of 0.99.
One-way ANOVA is a procedure for comparing the means of several populations. It is the generalization of what procedure for comparing the means of two populations?
The data from Exercise 16.64 on the daily TV viewing times, in hours, of independent simple random samples of men, women, teens, and children. Use the technology of your choice to perform and
The data from Exercise 16.66 on weight losses, in kilograms, over a 1-year period of four popular diets. Recall that negative losses are gains and that WW = Weight Watchers. Use the technology of
The data from Exercise 16.67 on the lengths, in millimeters, of cuckoo eggs found in the nests of six bird species. Use the technology of your choice to perform and interpret a Tukey multiple
The data from Exercise 16.68 on times served, in months, of independent simple random samples of released prisoners among five different offense categories. Use the technology of your choice to
The data from Exercise 16.69 on book prices, in dollars, for independent random samples of hardcover books in law, science, medicine, and technology.Use the technology of your choice to perform and
The data from Exercise 16.71 on the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease. Use the technology of your choice to perform and interpret a Tukey
Explain why the family confidence level, not the individual confidence level, is the appropriate level for comparing all population means simultaneously.
State the conditions required for performing a Kruskal- Wallis test.
For a Kruskal-Wallis test to compare five population means, what is the approximate distribution of K?
Explain the reason for the word variance in the phrase analysis of variance.
In the Exercise below, we provide independent simple random samples from several populations where, in each case, all the observations are distinct values. For each exercise, perform the following
For a one-way ANOVA test, suppose that, in reality, the null hypothesis is false. Does that mean that no two of the populations have the same mean? If not, what does it mean?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys on consumer expenditures for various types of entertainment and publishes its findings in Consumer Expenditure Survey. Independent random samples
In the article "Violence and Sex Impair Memory for Television Ads" (Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 557-564), B. Bushman and A. Bonacci studied whether the type of television
Information on characteristics of new-car buyers appears in Buyers of New Cars, a publication ofNewsweek, Inc. Independent random samples of new-car buyers yielded the data on age of purchaser, in
In the publication "What Makes a High School Great?" (Newsweek, May 8, 2006, pp. 50-60), B. Kantrowitz and P.Wingert looked for America's best high schools. One relevant variable is the percentage of
The reproduction capability of spider mites infected with a bacteria called Cardinium was studied in the article "Cardinium Symbionts Cause Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Spider Mites" (Heredity,
Following are the data from Exercise 16.48 on running times, in minutes, for random samples of films in four rating groups.a. Use the Kruskal-Wallis test to decide, at the 1% significance level,
Following are the data from Exercise 16.51 on bacteria counts, in millions, for different cases from each of five strains of cultured Staphylococcus aureus.a. Use the Kruskal-Wallis test to decide,
The data from Exercise 16.54 on the proportions of fish with empty stomachs among four species in African waters. Use a 1% significance level. In Exercises 16.152-16.157, use the technology of your
The data from Exercise 16.56 on the concentrations, in milligrams per liter, of each of four chemicals among three different wells. Use a 1% significance level.In Exercises 16.152-16.157, use the
The data from Exercise 16.58 on the volume of material worn away, in cubic millimeters, among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 5%significance level. Use the technology of
The data from Exercise 16.59 on the Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the occlusal surfaces among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 5% significance level. In Exercises
The data from Exercise 16.64 on the daily TV viewing times, in hours, of independent simple random samples of men, women, teens, and children. In Exercises 16.158-16.166, use the technology of your
The data from Exercise 16.65 on weight (in grams) and length (in centimeters) from the nose to the beginning of the tail for four species of fish caught in Lake Laengelmaevesi, Finland. Consider both
The data from Exercise 16.66 on weight losses, in kilograms, over a 1-year period of four popular diets. Recall that negative losses are gains and that WW = Weight Watchers. In Exercises
The data from Exercise 16.67 on the lengths, in millimeters, of cuckoo eggs found in the nests of six bird species. In Exercises 16.158-16.166, use the technology of your choice to do the following
The data from Exercise 16.69 on book prices, in dollars, for independent random samples of hardcover books in law, science, medicine, and technology. In Exercises 16.158-16.166, use the technology of
The data from Exercise 16.70 on the number of words of three syllables or more in advertisements from magazines of three different educational levels. In Exercises 16.158-16.166, use the technology
The data from Exercise 16.71 on the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease. In Exercises 16.158-16.166, use the technology of your choice to do
The data from Exercise 16.72 on the survival times, in days, among samples of patients in advanced stages of cancer, grouped by the affected organ, who were given a vitamin C supplement. In
In this section, we illustrated the Kruskal- Wallis test with data on miles driven by samples of cars, buses, and trucks. The value of the test statistic K was computed on page 729 to be 9.930,
What does the term one-way signify in the phrase one-way ANOVA?
Suppose that the variable under consideration is normally distributed on each of two populations and that the population standard deviations are equal. Further suppose that you want to perform a
State the one-way ANOVA identity, and interpret its meaning with regard to partitioning the total variation in the data.
Consumer Reports publishes reviews and comparisons of products based on results from its laboratory. Data from their website gave the following table for battery lives, in hours, for samples of
A clinical study was conducted to see whether an antibody called denosumab is effective in treatment of osteoporosis of postmenopausal women, as reported in the article "Denosumab in Postmenopausal
Entanglement of marine mammals in fishing gear is a global issue and a significant threat to minke whales, in particular. In the article "Fishing Gears Involved in Entanglements of Minke Whales
Explain the difference between the family confidence level and the individual confidence level.
Regarding family and individual confidence levels, answer the following questions and explain your answers. a. Which is smaller for multiple comparisons involving three or more means, the family
Explain the essential difference between obtaining a confidence interval by using the pooled t-interval procedure and obtaining a confidence interval by using the Tukey multiple-comparison procedure.
Suppose that you conduct a one-wayANOVAtest and find that the test is not statistically significant at the 5% level. If you subsequently perform a Tukey multiple comparison at a family confidence
We repeat the data from Exercises 16.42- 16.47 of Section 16.3 for independent simple random samples from several populations. In each case, conduct a Tukey multiple comparison at the 95% family
Following are the data from Exercise 16.48 on running times, in minutes, for random samples of films in four rating groups. Use a family confidence level of 0.99.Perform a Tukey multiple comparison
Following are the data on the number of copepods in each of 12 containers after 14 days for three different diets from Exercise 16.49. Use a family confidence level of 0.95.Perform a Tukey multiple
From Exercise 16.50: In Section 16.2, we considered two hypothetical examples to explain the logic for one-way ANOVA.a. Refer to Table 16.1 on page 702 (95% family confidence level).b. Refer to Table
Following are the data from Exercise 16.51 on bacteria counts, in millions, for different cases from each of five strains of cultured Staphylococcus aureus.a. Use a 95% family confidence level. b.
Following are the data from Exercise 16.52 on experimentally obtained calibration constants for samples of compounds in each of four compound groups.a. Use a 95% family confidence level. b. Without
In the following table are the data from Exercise 16.53 on battery lives, in hours, for samples of laptops made by four different computer companies. The four brands are Apple, Dell, Samsung, and
Consider a Tukey multiple comparison of four population means with a family confidence level of 0.95. Is the individual confidence level smaller or larger than 0.95? Explain your answer.
Explain the logic of a Kruskal-Wallis test.
Suppose that you want to compare the means of several populations, using independent samples. If given the choice between using the one-way ANOVA test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, which would you
Genu valgum, commonly known as "knee-knock," is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when standing. Genu varum, commonly known as "bowlegged," is a condition in which the
Smoking during pregnancy is hazardous to both the mother and baby. Passive smoking, or inhalation of second-hand smoke, is also a concern. In the article "Detection of Cotinine in Neonate Meconium as
Refer to Problem 30. Decide whether conducting a Kruskal-Wallis test on the data is reasonable. In Problem Smoking during pregnancy is hazardous to both the mother and baby. Passive smoking, or
Explain the difference between the individual confidence level and the family confidence level. Which confidence level is appropriate for multiple comparisons? Explain your answer.
State whether each of the following variables is an example of an independent variable or a quasi-independent variable. Only answer quasi-independent for variables that cannot be randomized.(a)
What is the main disadvantage of measuring qualitative data? In your answer, also explain why quantitative research is most often applied in the behavioral sciences.
Fill in the table below to identify the characteristics of each variable.
Below is the number of hand-washing episodes 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder reported having the previous day.21, 8, 11, 9, 12, 10, 10, 5, 9, 18, 17, 3, 6, 14, 18, 16, 19, 3, 22, 7(a)
A researcher observed a rat respond for a food reward by pressing one of three levers in a cage. Pressing the lever to the right (R) produced no food reward, pressing the lever to the left (L)
A researcher records the number of dreams that 50 college freshman students recalled during the night prior to a final exam.Number of Dreams _______________________ Cumulative Frequency4
Organize the following data into a stem-and-leaf display where (a) The leaf has one digit and (b) The stem has one digit.225, 114, 153, 117, 223, 152, 159, 227, 110, 119, 155, 159, 226,
What type of graph for frequency data should you construct when distributing each of the following? Note that there may be more than one right answer.(a) The number of students falling into an A, B,
In a study on marital satisfaction, a researcher asks a sample of men to estimate how many times per week they say "I love you" to their spouse. The relative frequency distribution is given below for
A researcher records the season of birth in a sample of patients at a behavioral health clinic. The seasons recorded are winter, spring, spring, fall, summer, winter, fall, winter, winter, spring,
Convert the following histogram to a frequency polygon.
The following table lists the distribution of degrees in psychology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex and year. These and similar data are reported by the National Center for
The Gini coefficient is a measure of the extent to which income or wealth is equally distributed in a given population. The coefficient values range between 0 and 1. The lower the Gini coefficient,
What are the three rules for constructing a histogram?
The following table lists the number of text messages sent per day in a sample of college students and a sample of their parents.(a) Compute the mean, the median, and the mode for the college
How do the sample mean and population mean differ?
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