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Questions and Answers of
Statistics
The power quality of a transformer is measured by the quality of the voltage. Two causes of poor power quality are "sags" and "swells." A sag is an unusual dip and a swell is an unusual increase in
Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercises 2.47 and 2.65 (pp. 72 and 80). Recall that slices of sandstone
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study on the current trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 2.5 (p. 48). Recall that in a random sample of social
Jamming attacks on wireless networks. Refer to the International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) study of U.S. military jamming attacks on wireless networks used by terrorists,
Consider a study of drug dealers and their motivation for participating in the illegal drug market (Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, September 2009). The sample consisted of 100 convicted drug
Refer to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention listing of the October 2015 sanitation scores for 195 cruise ships, Exercise 2.24.a. Find the mean and standard deviation of the sanitation
Refer to the Significance (December 2015) study on estimating the number of U.S. deaths attributable to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution produced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.30 (p. 61). Recall
Refer to the Significance (April 2015) study of contestants' performance on the popular TV show The Apprentice, Exercise 2.9 (p. 49). Recall that each of 159 contestants was rated (on a 20-point
The Apprentice is a popular TV show that gives the winning contestant the opportunity to work with a famous successful business leader (e.g., Donald Trump in the United States and Lord Alan Sugar in
According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2015), scores on a mathematics assessment test for U.S. eighth graders have a mean of 282, a 25th percentile of 258, a 75th percentile of
Refer to the Electrical Engineering (Vol. 95, 2013) study of transformer voltage sags and swells, Exercise 2.76 (p. 86). Recall that for a sample of 103 transformers built for heavy industry, the
Refer to the October 2015 sanitation levels of cruise ships, Exercise 2.81 (p. 87).a. Give a measure of relative standing for the TSS Oceanic score of 73. Interpret the result.b. Give a measure of
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 2.5 Recall that in a random sample of 106 social (or service)
A random sample of n = 5 is to be selected from N = 50. In how many different ways can the sample be drawn?
Refer to the Process Safety Progress (December 2004) study of 83 industrial accidents caused by management system failures, Exercise 2.150. A summary of the root causes of these 83 incidents is
According to the Journal of Business Venturing (Vol. 17, 2002), 27% of all small businesses owned by non-Hispanic whites nationwide are women-owned firms. If we select, at random, a small business
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) conducted a survey on the condition of America's public school facilities. The survey revealed the following information. The probability that a
According to the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration's National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), "Speeding is one of the most prevalent factors contributing to fatal traffic
Consider a study of how people attempt to influence the choices of others by offering undesirable alternatives (Journal of Consumer Research, March 2003). Such a phenomenon typically occurs when
When they were first produced in 1940, M&M's Plain Chocolate Candies came in only a brown color. Today, M&M's in standard bags come in six colors: brown, yellow, red, blue, orange, and green.
A manufacturer of a new Smart Watch claims that the probability of its watch running more than 1 minute slow or 1 minute fast after 1 year of use is .05. A consumer protection agencyhas purchased
The corporations in the highly competitive razor blade industry do a tremendous amount of advertising each year. Corporation G gave a supply of three top-name brands, G, S, and W, to a consumer and
Use your intuitive understanding of independence to form an opinion about whether each of the following scenarios represents independent events. a. The results of consecutive tosses of a coin b. The
Every 4 years the world's 32 best national soccer teams compete for the World Cup. Run by FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), national teams are placed into eight groups of
The probability that an Avon salesperson sells beauty products to a prospective customer on the first visit to the customer is .4. If the salesperson fails to make the sale on the first visit, the
When Olympic athletes are tested for illegal drug use (i.e., doping), the results of a single positive test are used to ban the athlete from competition. Chance (Spring 2004) demonstrated the
Sustainable development or sustainable farming means finding ways to live and work the Earth without jeopardizing the future. Studies were conducted in five Midwestern states to develop a profile of
The performance of quality inspectors affects both the quality of outgoing products and the cost of the products. A product that passes inspection is assumed to meet quality standards; a product that
In Engineering Management Research (May 2012), a simulation game approach was proposed to teach concepts in a course on production. The proposed game simulation was for color television production.
According to Significance (December 2015), the 16th-century mathematician Jerome Cardan was addicted to a gambling game involving tossing three fair dice. One outcome of interest- which Cardan called
A press produces parts used in the manufacture of large-screen plasma televisions. If the press is correctly adjusted, it produces parts with a scrap rate of 5%. If it is not adjusted correctly, it
Not according to a Harris Interactive (July 2013) poll of U.S. adults. The poll found that 61% of the respondents work during their summer vacation, 22% do not work at all while on vacation, and 17%
Marilyn vos Savant, who is listed in Guinness Book of World Records Hall of Fame for "Highest IQ," writes a weekly column in the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade Magazine. Her column, "Ask
The Marketing Management Journal (Fall 2014) published the results of a designed study to investigate satisfaction with the use of mobile devices to access social media. Mobile device users were
Refer to the Journal of Business Logistics (Vol. 36, 2015) study of performance based logistics (PBL) strategies, Exercise 1.15 (p. 25). Recall that the study was based on the opinions of a sample of
As part of a study on income tax compliance (Behavioral Research and Accounting, January 2015), researchers sampled 270 adults at a shopping mall and asked each: "Who usually prepares your tax
Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) study of the criteria used to evaluate museum performance, Exercise 2.14 (p. 50). Recall that the managers of 30 leading museums of
Refer to the International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) study of U.S. military jamming attacks on wireless networks used by terrorists, Exercise 2.8 (p. 49). Recall that 80 recent
Consumer Reports 2015 Car Brand Report Card ranks auto makers by car reliability, road test performance, and other factors. The following three car brands (in no particular order) were ranked the
Refer to the Significance (December 2015) study estimating the number of U.S. deaths attributable to nitrous oxide pollution (NOx) produced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.30 (p. 61). The
Hillsborough County, Florida, has 42 fire stations that employ 980 career firefighters and 160 volunteers. Both types of firefighters are drug tested every six months. However, the career
Suppose P(A) = . 4, P(B) = .7, and P(A ∩ B) = .3.Find the following probabilities:a. P(Bc)b. P(Ac)c. P(A U B)
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 3.10.Recall that in a random sample of 106 social robots, 63
Human Factors (December 2015) published a study on how well firefighter gloves fit. In a group of 586 firefighters who reported their glove size, the researchers determined whether the gloves fit
Do most people pay their monthly bills online? ABA Bank Marketing and Sales (July-August 2015) reported that 37% of U.S. customers pay their bills online using a personal computer. The table lists
A branch of mathematics known as fuzzy logic was used to improve customer service in supply chain management. (Decision Analytics, February 2014.) Customers rate the importance of one service factor
At the 2012 Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association (GPCA) Forum, Oregon State University software engineers presented a paper on modeling and implementing variation in computer software. The
Forbes (May 6, 2015) conducted a survey of the 20 largest public companies in the world. Of these 20 companies, 4 were banking or investment companies based in the United States. A total of 9 U.S.
Refer to the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (January 2007) study of the effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem, Exercise 3.48 (p. 159). The results (number
Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercises 3.10 and 3.37. Recall that in a random sample of 106 social
Each year, United Parcel Service (UPS) commissions a "Pulse of the Online Shopper" survey. The 2015 survey included a sample of 5,118 U.S. shoppers who have made at least two online purchases every
Identity theft victims. According to The National Crime Victimization Survey (September 2015), published by the U.S. Department of Justice, about 17.6 million people were victims of identity theft
Working on summer vacation. Refer to the Harris Interactive (July 2013) poll of whether U.S. adults work during summer vacation, Exercise 3.13 (p. 145). Recall that the poll found that 61% of the
Refer to The Journal of Finance (December 2011) study of whether the decision to invest in the stock market is dependent on IQ, Exercise 3.46 (p. 158). The summary table giving the number of the
Degrees of best-paid CEOs. Refer to the results of the Glassdoor Economic Research (August 25, 2015) survey of the top 40 best-paid CEOs shown in Table 2.1. The data on highest degree obtained are
Two deadly gases that can be present in fire smoke are hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Fire Engineering (March 2013) reported the results of a survey of 244 firefighters conducted by the Fire
Spotify is a musicstreaming service that offers both free and subscription options. Users can create playlists and choose to use Spotify's random shuffling feature to play back the songs. When the
In our legal system, the use of DNA as forensic evidence is often regarded as the most reliable type of evidence. However, most of the DNA code is the same for all humans. Consequently, assessing the
In cryptography, cipher text is encrypted or encoded text that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper algorithm to decrypt it into plain text. The impact of erroneous cipher texts on
In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, a key to improved quality is having confidence in the feedback generated by production equipment. A study of the confidence level of feedback information
Fingerprint expertise. A study published in Psychological Science (August 2011) tested the accuracy of experts and novices in identifying fingerprints. Participants were presented pairs of
Refer to the Pew Research Center Survey (December 2015) on cable TV subscriptions, Exercise 2.4. In a sample of 2,001 U.S. adults, 1,521 reported that they currently receive cable or satellite TV
In Canada, the Supreme Court recently ruled that employees can be tested for drugs only if management has reasonable cause to administer the test. An article in Chance (Vol. 28, 2015) focused on the
The Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (November-December 2003) published a study of a double intrusion detection system with independent systems. If there is
Refer to the Business and Society (March 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.23. Recall that the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a
Refer to the Journal of Marketing Research (December 2011) study of whether you are more likely to choose a vice product (e.g., a candy bar) when your arm is flexed (as when carrying a shopping
According to Global Research News (March 4, 2014), one-fourth of all rough diamonds produced in the world are blood diamonds, i.e., diamonds mined to finance war or an insurgency. Exercise 3.81. In a
Refer to the Pew Internet & American Life Project Survey (January 2016), Exercise 4.48. The survey revealed that half of all U.S. adults would agree to participate in a free cost-saving loyalty
Refer to the Journal of Accounting Public Policy (Vol. 34, 2015) study of the impact of executive networking on firm performance, Exercise 2.101. Recall that firm performance was measured as annual
Refer to the Electrical Engineering (Vol. 95, 2013) study of the power quality of a transformer, Exercise 2.127 (p. 108). Recall that two causes of poor power quality are "sags" and "swells.". (A sag
Research published in the journal Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (July 2014) evaluated the safety of underground tunnels built in rigid soils. A factor of safety (FS), measured as the
Refer to the 2015 North American Hotel Guest Satisfaction Index Study, Exercise 4.49. You determined that the probability that a hotel guest was delighted with his or her stay and would recommend the
Government data indicate that the mean hourly wage for manufacturing workers in the United States is $20.10 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2016). Suppose the distribution of manufacturing wage
Can executive coaching help improve business meeting effectiveness? This was the question of interest in an article published in Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research (Vol. 61, 2009).
Refer to the Significance (April 2015) study of contestants' performances on the United Kingdom's version of the TV show, The Apprentice, Exercise 2.9 (p. 49). Recall that the performance of each of
Refer to the Business and Society (March 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 4.100. Data on the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a
Refer to the College Choice 2015 Rankings of National Research Universities, Exercise 2.110. Data on academic reputation scores for the top 50 research universities (saved in the file) are listed in
Refer to the data on the October 2015 sanitation scores for 196 cruise ships, first presented in Exercise 2.24. The data are saved in the accompanying file. Assess whether the sanitation scores are
Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercise 2.69. Recall that blocks of sandstone were cut into 300 equal-sized
The Journal of Open Archaeology Data (Vol. 1, 2012) provided data on the chemical composition of more than 200 pre-Columbian gold and gold-alloy artifacts recovered in the archaeological region
Timber beams are widely used in home construction. When the load (measured in pounds) per unit length has a constant value over part of a beam, the load is said to be uniformly distributed over that
An assessment of the new Boeing 787 "Dreamliner" airplane was published in the Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics (December 2014). Boeing planned to build and deliver 3,500 of these
The reliability of a piece of equipment is frequently defined to be the probability, p, that the equipment performs its intended function successfully for a given period of time under specific
Find a z-score, call it z0, such thata. P(z ≤ z0) = .5080b. P(z ≥ z0) = .5517c. P(z Ú z0) = .1492d. P(z0 ≤ z ≤ .59) = .4773
Identify the type of continuous random variable-uniform, normal, or exponential-described by each of the following probability density functions:a. f(x) = (e - x/7)2/7, x > 0b. f(x) = 1/20,
The Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS) uses satellite imagery to detect and track missiles (Chance, Summer 2005). The probability that an intruding object (e.g., a missile) will be detected on a
Millions of suburban commuters use the public transit system (e.g., subway trains) as an alternative to the automobile. While generally perceived as a safe mode of transportation, the average number
An article in the Journal of Quality of Maintenance Engineering (Vol. 19, 2013) studied the problem of finding the optimal replacement policy for a maintenance system. Consider a system that is
To help highway planners anticipate the need for road repairs and design future construction projects, data are collected on the estimated volume and weight of truck traffic on specific roadways
Chance (Winter 2004) presented basic methods for detecting virus attacks (e.g., Trojan programs or worms) on a network computer that are sent from a remote host. These viruses reach the network
Whistle-blowing refers to an employee's reporting of wrongdoing by co-workers. A survey found that about 5% of employees contacted had reported wrongdoing during the past 12 months. Assume that a
The journal Networks periodically publishes studies on the reliability of flow networks. For example, Networks (September 2007) provided applications in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks. Consider a
An assessment of the quality of the electrical power system in Turkey was the topic of an article published in Electrical Engineering (March 2013). One measure of quality is the degree to which
Suppose that you are purchasing cases of wine (12 bottles per case) and that, periodically, you select a test case to determine the adequacy of the bottles' seals. To do this, you randomly select and
A bakery has determined that the number of loaves of its white bread demanded daily has a normal distribution with mean 7,200 loaves and standard deviation 300 loaves. Based on cost considerations,
A team of consultants working for a large national supermarket chain based in the New York metropolitan area developed a statistical model for predicting the annual sales of potential new store
Almost all companies utilize some type of year-end performance review for their employees. Human Resources (HR) at the University of Texas Health Science Center provides guidelines for supervisors
Apps not working on smartphone. In a Pew Research Center survey titled U.S. Smartphone Use in 2015, more than 2,000 smartphone users were asked how often the applications (apps) they downloaded on
Lack of port facilities or shallow water may require cargo on a large ship to be transferred to a pier in smaller craft. The smaller craft may have to cycle back and forth from ship to shore many
The probability that a consumer responds to a marketing department's mailed questionnaire is .4. How many questionnaires should be mailed if you want to be reasonably certain that at least 100 will
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