Perfect 10, Inc. (Perfect 10), an adult magazine publisher, sued Visa International Service Association (Visa), for copyright and trademark infringement arising out of Visa’s act in processing credit card payments to Internet Web sites that infringed Perfect 10’s intellectual property rights. Perfect 10 had notified Visa about the infringing Web sites. What was the result? Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa International Service Association, 494 F.3d 788 (9th Cir. 2007).