Read the description of each of the following research studies and then decide which statistic would be the best one to determine the statistical significance of the results. Select from the following choices: Pearson r, t test, F test, and x2-
a. One group of children classified as having behavioral problems is put into a behavioral change program for a month. A second group of children with similar behavioral problems is not put into any special treatment program. You want to see whether or not the behavioral change program affects the number of children who exhibit socially unacceptable behavior at the end of the study.
b. While waiting for a friend in a restaurant lobby, a bored statistician recorded the number of male and female customers who helped themselves to a bowl of green mint candies or a bowl of pink mint candies while leaving the restaurant. His goal was to see if men and women differed in their choice of candy color.
c. A researcher wonders if height is related to running speed, so he obtains the running speeds and the heights of all runners in a national marathon race.
d. Two randomly formed groups are asked to read a number of passages. One group is then taught strategies for remembering facts and concepts, while the other group is not. At the end of the study, both groups are tested on their retention of the material in the reading passages, and their retention level scores are compared to determine whether having been taught the memory strategies helped their retention.
e. Children who are small for their age are grouped and treated in different ways: One group receives a growth hormone drug, one group receives nutritional supplements (vitamins, minerals, etc.), one group receives physical therapy and stretching exercises, and the last group receives no special treatment. You want to see whether or not the type of treatment received affects height increase.