Replacement of a machine, income taxes, sensitivity. (CMA, adapted) The Smacker Company is a family-owned business that produces fruit jam. The company has a grinding machine that has been in use for three years. On January 1, 2011, Smacker is considering the purchase of a new grinding machine. Smacker has two options: (1) continue using the old machine or (2) sell the old machine and purchase a new machine. The seller of the new machine isn't offering a trade-in. The following information has been obtained:

Smacker is subject to a 36% income tax rate. Assume that any gain or loss on the sale of machines is treated as an ordinary tax item and will affect the taxes paid by Smacker in the year in which it occurs. Smacker's after-tax required rate of return is 14%. Assume all cash flows occur at year-end except for initial investment amounts.

Required

1. You have been asked whether Smacker should buy the new machine. To help in your analysis, calculate the following:

a. One-time after-tax cash effect of disposing of the old machine on January 1, 2011

b. Annual recurring after-tax cash operating savings from using the new machine (variable and fixed)

c. Cash tax savings due to differences in annual depreciation of the old machine and the new machine

d. Difference in after-tax cash flow from terminal disposal of new machine and old machine

2. Use your calculations in requirement 1 and the net present value method to determine whether Smacker should use the old machine or acquire the new machine.

3. How much more or less would the recurring after-tax cash operating savings of the new machine need to be for Smacker to earn exactly the 14% after-tax required rate of return? Assume that all other data about the investment do notchange.

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Old Machine New Machine $190,000 Initial purchase cost of machines Useful life from acquis ition date (years) Teminal disposal value at the end of useful life on Dec. 31, 2015, assumed for depreciation purposes Expected annual cash operating costs: Variable cost per can of jam $150,000 5 $ 20,000 $ 25,000 $ 0.25 $ 25,000 Straight line $ 0.19 $ 24,000 Straight line Total fixed costs Depreciation method for tax purposes Estimated disposal value of machines: January 1, 2011 $ 68,000 $ 12,000 475,000 $190,000 $ 22,000 475,000 December 31, 2015 Expected cans of jam made and sold each year