Richport Company manufactures products that often require specification changes or modifications to meet customer needs. Consequently, Richport employs a job costing system for its operations. Although the specification changes and modifications are commonplace, Richport has been able to establish a normal spoilage rate of 2.5% of good units produced (before spoilage). The company recognizes normal spoilage during the budgeting process and classifies it as a component of factory overhead. Thus, the predetermined overhead rate used to apply factory overhead costs to jobs includes an allowance for net spoilage cost for normal spoilage. If spoilage on a job exceeds the normal rate, it is considered abnormal and then must be analyzed and the cause of the spoilage must be submitted to management.

Randa Duncan, one of Richport’s inspection managers, has been reviewing the output of Job N1192-122 that was recently completed. A total of 122,000 units had been started for the job, and 5,000 units were rejected at final inspection, meaning that the job yielded 117,000 good units. Randa noted that 900 of the first units produced were rejected due to a very unusual design defect that was corrected immediately; no more units were rejected for this reason. Randa was unable to identify a pattern for the remaining 4,100 rejected units. They can be sold at a salvage value of $7 per unit.

The total costs accumulated for all 122,000 units of Job N1192-122 follow. Although the job is completed, all of these costs are still in the Work-in-Process Inventory account (i.e., the cost of the completed job has not been transferred to Finished Goods Inventory account).

Direct materials ............$2,196,000

Direct labor ............. 1,830,000

Applied factory overhead ........ 2,928,000

Total cost of job ...........$6,954,000

Required

1. Explain the distinction between normal and abnormal spoilage.

2. Distinguish between spoiled units, rework units, and scrap.

3. Review the results and costs for Job N1192-122.

a. Prepare an analysis separating the spoiled units into normal and abnormal spoilage by first determining the normal input required to yield 117,000 good units.

b. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to account for Job N1192-122.