Show that each of the following arguments is invalid by providing a counterexample - that is, an assignment of truth values for the given primitive statements p, q, r, and 5 such that all premises are true (have the truth value 1) while the conclusion is false (has the truth value 0).
(a) [(p ˆ§ ¬q) ˆ§ [p †’ (q †’ r)]] †’ ¬r
(b) [[(p ˆ§ q) †’ r] ˆ§ (¬q ˆ¨ r)] †’ p
(c)

(d)

Transcribed Image Text:

ーS → 4