State whether each of the following involves debt financing or equity financing.
(a) $10,000 taken from one partner's savings account to pay for equipment repair
(b) Issuance of preferred stock worth $1.3 million
(c) Short-term loan of $75,000 from a local bank
(d) Issuance of $3 million worth of 20-year bonds
(e) Del Engineering buyback of $8 million of its own stock using internal funds