Guber (1999) actually assembled the data to address the basic question referred to in Exercises 9.20 and 9.21. She obtained the data for all 50 states on several variables associated with school performance, including expenditures for education, SAT performance, percentage of students taking the SAT, and other variables. We will look more extensively at these data later, but the following table contains the SPSS computer printout for Guber’s data.

These data do not really reveal the pattern that we would expect. What do they show?
(In Chapter 15 we will see that the expected pattern actually is there if we control for other variables.)