(a) Data on the Galilean satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) are included in Appendix A, Table A2. Can you see any systematic trend in their densities?

(b) The density of ice is about 1.0 × 10³ kgm^－3, whereas that of any rock within these bodies is likely to be about 3.0 × 10³ kgm^－3. What does this extra information tell you about the probable compositions of each of these moons?

Table A2

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Table A2 Planetary moons Planet Satellite Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Moon Phobos Deimos Io Europa Ganymede Callisto 265 others Mimas Enceladus Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Iapetus 255 others Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon 222 others Proteus Triton Neroid 211 others Charon (+4 others) Mean distance from planet/10 km 384 9.4 23.5 422 671 1070 1883 186 238 295 377 527 1222 3561 130 191 266 436 583 118 355 5513 19.4 Orbital period/days 27.3 0.32 1.26 1.77 3.55 7.15 16.7 0.94 1.37 1.89 2.74 4.52 15.95 79.3 1.42 2.52 4.14 8.71 13.46 1.12 5.88 360 6.39 Mean 91cm radius 1738 11.1 6.2 1821 1565 2634 2403 199 249 530 560 764 2575 718 236 579 585 789 761 209 1353 170 606 Mass/1020 kg 735 0.00011 0.000018 893 480 1482 1076 0.38 0.73 6.2 10.5 23.1 1346 15.9 0.66 13.5 11.7 35.3 30.1 20.5? 215 20.3? 15.9 Density/ 10 kg m 3.34 1.90 1.76 3.53 2.99 1.94 1.85 1.15 1.61 0.96 1.47 1.23 1.88 1.09 1.20 1.7 1.4 1.71 1.63 =1.2? 2.05 =1.2? 1.7 -3