Doogie graduates from high school and will live two more periods. He can go directly to work and earn $20,000 each year or he can spend $5,000 next period and receive an advanced certificate so the following period he can earn $47,500. If the discount rate is 5 percent, calculate the present value of going directly to work versus the present value of getting the certificate and then working one period. Assume costs are paid and benefits received at the beginning of each period.