Have the gains in student learning attributed to education technology justified colleges’ spending in this area? As part of Inside Higher Ed’s 2016 Survey of Faculty Attitudes on Technology, professors, and technology leaders, were asked this question. The following table summarizes the responses:

a. Given that an academic professional is a professor, what is the probability that the professional indicates gains in students’ learning attributable to education technology have justified colleges’ spending in this area?

b. Given that an academic professional is a professor, what is the probability that the professor does not indicate gains in students’ learning attributable to education technology have justified colleges’ spending in this area?

c. Given that an academic professional is a technology leader, what is the probability that the professor indicates gains in students’ learning attributable to education technology have justified colleges’ spending in this area?

d. Given that an academic professional is a technology leader, what is the probability that the professional does not indicate gains in students’ learning attributable to education technology have justified colleges’ spending in this area?

ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL JUSTIFIED? Professor Technology Leader 952 719 1,671 Total 1,010 730 1,740 58 11 69 Yes No Total