Three-card swindle Your friend Bill is showing you his new deck of cards. The deck consists of only three cards. The first card is white on both sides. The second card is red on both sides. The third card is white on one side and red on the other. Now Bill shuffles the deck well, occasionally turn ing individual cards over in the process. Perhaps he puts them all in a hat and shakes the hat for a long time. Then he puts the stacked deck on the table in such a way that you can see the visible face of the top card only.

(a) What is the outcome space? Write “W/R” to denote the outcome where the visible side of the top card is white and the other side is red, and so on.

(b) After shuffling, the visible side of the top card is white. What is the new outcome space?

(c) Given that the visible side of the top card is white, what is the probability that the other side of the top card is red?