In the article “Perioperative Aspirin and Clonidine and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury:

A Randomized Clinical Trial” published in JAMA (Garg, 2014), the authors reported the summary statistics in Table 7.27 on acute kidney injury (AKI) for two randomized trials, aspirin versus placebo and clonidine versus placebo. Use the information in Table 7.27 to answer the following questions.

(a) Test ????0 ∶ ????aspirin = ????placebo at the ???? = 0.05 level.

(b) Compute the ????-value associated with the test statistic in part (a).

(c) Is there sufficient statistical evidence to conclude the proportion of AKI events under aspirin is not equal to the percentage of AKI events under the placebo?

Why?

(d) Test ????0 ∶ ????clonidine = ????placebo at the ???? = 0.05 level.

(e) Compute the ????-value associated with the test statistic in part (d).

(f) Is there sufficient statistical evidence to conclude the proportion of AKI events under clonidine is not equal to the percentage of AKI events under the placebo?

Why?

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Treatment AKI Treatment n No. Events n Placebo AKI No Events Aspirin 3443 462 3462 426 Clonidine 3453 449 3453 439