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production and operations management

Questions and Answers of Production And Operations Management

Describe how types of layout are often linked to process choice.
What clues does process choice provide concerning how a company competes?
Why is investment in process technology often a difficult decision to make?
‘Invention is not enough’ was the response given by a major designer/manufacturer when asked about the secrets of successful innovation. What other factors need to be managed to ensure a good
We have only scratched the surface of the topic of innovation in this chapter and have presented a general model of how the process works. What factors (for example, sector, type of product, etc.)
Introducing process innovation – change in ‘the way we do things around here’ – can be thought of in the same way as trying to launch a new product in the commercial market-place. What
‘Innovation is a survival imperative, not a luxury!’ Thinking of an organization with which you are familiar, think about whether this statement applies – and if it does, what kinds of
In this chapter we have positioned innovation as a core process in the business, concerned with renewing what the organization offers and the ways in which it does so. This process operates in
What is the The future for operations management
Many pictures of the future stress themes like ‘the learning organization’or ‘the knowledge-based business’. Such visions are likely to depend on human resources, and achieving them poses
‘The beauty of it is that with every pair of hands you get a free brain!’ This quote from a manager highlights the potential of employee involvement, but the fact remains that most organizations
In the 1980s there was great enthusiasm for the ‘lights out’ factory –a totally automated operation in which almost no people would be required. Why do you think this idea has fallen from
How and why has human resource management moved from a simple concern with recruitment and reward to a more strategic role in the business? In what ways is people management becoming a central
It is commonplace to hear managers and chairmen of companies say that ‘people are our biggest asset’ – but often this is nothing more than words. In what ways can people make a difference to
Quality management used to be a specialist function carried out by a specialist manager. Why has it become a mainstream task and a key part of the strategic operations manager’s job? How can
Why does quality matter to a business?
What do you think are the main barriers to effective implementation of TQM – and how might they be overcome?
‘Total’ quality management involves an integrated approach, combining tools, strategy, structure and involvement. What are the key components in a successful programme and how can strategic
‘Quality is free!’ proclaimed the title of Philip Crosby’s book in the 1970s. In what ways can investments in developing quality management in the business pay for themselves and make a
How should firms go about making the choice between improving their existing approach to capacity and scheduling management or radically changing their process to reconfigure the notion of capacity?
How well do firms really understand the four Vs of their business and the concepts of perishability and predictability?
In what ways are customers and suppliers competitors and collaborators?How would this apply if one of them has a monopoly?
Trace the influence of Henry Ford to today’s supply relationships:what techniques may be attributed to his ideas and in what ways are they now being questioned?
Give examples of ways in which organizations might achieve differentiation in their own sale market by managing supply in new ways.
What are the challenges facing operations managers in obtaining competitive advantage from proficiency in supply management?Use examples from a heavy manufacturing industry (e.g. steelmaking), a
What internal and external capabilities need to be in place for successful JIT?
What is the main difference between push and pull systems?
Why has inventory management emerged as strategic factor?
What comes after leanness and agility?
1 What are the major areas of responsibility for operations managers?
2 Why is it important to go beyond the organization-specific, input/processes/output model in modern-day operations management?
Why many firms struggle with forming operations strategies
How operations strategy can contribute to the firm’s overall strategy
1 What are the links between operations strategy and business strategy?
2 What are the problems that might be faced in formulating an operations strategy?
3 Why have operations and business strategies become separated in some firms?
4 Why is operations strategy vitally important in modern-day operations management?
What is the purpose of job evaluation?
Can job evaluation be alternatively called job ranking?
Is there any relation between work study and job evaluation? Is work study, in any way, useful to job evaluation?
How does one ensure that ‘job evaluation evaluates the job and not the man’?
Does the job evaluation process differ for blue collar, white collar, supervisory and managerial jobs? Discuss.
Some say that we need a ‘national level job evaluation’ in India. Can you envisage the issues involved? Is it possible to do such a national level exercise? How would you proceed in this regard?
What might be the objections to job evaluation from the labour unions?
Mention two possible drawbacks of the factor comparison method.
Where would collective bargaining be useful in a job evaluation programme?
Should job evaluation be subordinate to collective bargaining?
Should the frequency with which a particular skill or knowledge is required, be a criterion for job evaluation?
Find out what merit rating is and discuss the differences between job evaluation and merit rating.ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Apply ‘Job Evaluation’ at a national level for various categories of professions. Suggest national policy measures based on your evaluation.
What are the similarities between job enlargement and job rotation?
What is the impact of technology on jobs?
‘Job redesign should take into consideration the social value systems.’ Do you agree with this statement? Why?
In attempting a job redesign in your organisation, what relevant data will you collect?How will you use it?
What are the financial implications of job redesign?
What will the implications of job redesign be for personnel policies such as selection and recruitment, promotion, etc.?
Discuss the importance of training in the context of job redesign.
As a consultant to a large government department, which is experiencing a tremendous growth in technology, with over 3 lakh employees all over India, you are contemplating a job redesign. What
Herzberg mentions salary or money as a ‘dissatisfier’, whereas some people find money a good motivator. Is it possible to reconcile these two views? If so, how?
‘Productivity improvement is not a one-shot project’ Do you agree with this statement?Discuss.
What are the difficulties in measuring productivity? Discuss.
Is Total Factor Productivity a sum of all partial productivities? Explain your answer.
An electrical equipment manufacturing company manufactures AC Motors, DC Motors and Transformers. During the month of December, the production of these items in Rupee terms has been, respectively,
How are partial productivity measures inadequate in monitoring overall productivity of a firm?
What is Managerial Productivity? Can you measure it? Discuss.
What is Sur/petition as Edward de Bono calls it? Explain.
Is there anything wrong with a problem-solving approach? Discuss the right and wrong.
What has customer orientation got to do with productivity?
What is meant by being proactive? Give two examples in the realm of productivity.
Does benchmarking help a firm to be proactive? Explain your answer. Give two examples each of the different types of benchmarking.
Can TQM, benchmarking and BPR be related exercises? Discuss the connectivities and the differences.
Discuss the role of HRD in organisational productivity improvements, particularly in the light of technological advances and automation in both manufacturing and services industries.
India prides itself on its ‘Family’ culture. Family is the anchor for the Indian society. Can this culture at home be transferred/translated to a similar culture in business/work place?Discuss.
Get information on Japanese management. How is it different from traditional Western management? What are the plus and minus points in each? Discuss.
How are society and productivity linked? Discuss in relation to the Indian situation.ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Visit any organisation. Present a detailed report on how productivity can be enhanced by means of a Job Redesign.
What is the scope of purchasing activities? Where would you fit purchasing in the materials management function? In the organisational structure, where should purchasing be fitted:(i) in a single
Elaborate on the concept of ‘materials management as a profit centre’. How would you go about operationalising it? What advantages would you expect from making it into a profit centre?
‘The role of purchasing is now one of Supply Management’. Comment on this statement.
What commonalities do you see between Value Analysis, Quality Circles and Zero Defects programmes?
Take a carton or an electric plug or some such household item and value analyse it. Indicate the procedure in detail.
What are the merits and demerits of centralised and decentralised buying? For what type of situations and what kind of materials would you prefer centralisation or decentralisation of buying?
What is ‘negotiation’ in the purchasing function?
Discuss the importance of good vendor relations. What are the plus and minus points of a multiple-source buying policy?
Does the learning curve affect ‘make or buy’ decisions? Explain.
In what type of production situations is the make or buy decision very crucial?
What is meant by purchasing at the ‘right time’? Discuss.
In an unstable market for raw materials, what type of a buying policy should be followed?
What are the typical difficulties in supply sourcing in countries like India?
What is ‘quality’ in the purchasing perspective?
What are the intangibles which vendor ratings do not usually take into account?
Would purchasing for non-profit organizations differ from purchasing for profit-making firms? How? Would purchasing in service industry differ from purchasing in manufacturing industry ? Discuss.
If a buyer is interested in minimizing the risk resulting from fluctuating market prices, what techniques should he apply?
A supplier’s latest financial statement reveals the following information:(a) Total sales: Rs 1.60 crore(b) Per cent of production capacity utilised: 80%(c) Rent, interest, depreciation, taxes,
A specialised assembly unit is supposed to be experiencing a 90% learning curve. If the 50th assembled unit required a total of 3 hours of labour, what would be the time required for the 5th, 25th,
A first assembled unit costs Rs. 1000, of which Rs. 400 is labour and Rs. 600 is materials and other costs. You have agreed to a 15% mark-up on costs. What should be the agreed price for 700
Study the purchasing function in a manufacturing or service industry. Present a report on enhancing the competitiveness of that industry through changes/improvements in its purchasing operations.
Can the cost of the material delivery be a relevant cost for the control of the inventory of the material? Explain.
What are the basic assumptions underlying the classical EOQ model? Mention a few situations where these assumptions may not be valid and therefore the EOQ model cannot be used straightaway. In such
What is the set-up cost in manufacture? If a number of products are produced on the same plant facility, would the set-up cost for the individual products depend upon the sequence in which the

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