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business
production and operations management

Questions and Answers of Production And Operations Management

If a company is a ‘technology leader’, what strategic support would it require from its operations function? Discuss.
What has accounting function got to do with operations strategy? Explain.
How could the operations strategies be different for organisations that have different focus:(a) Customer focus (b) Technology focus (c) Product focus Explain the operations strategy in each case.
Why is ‘efficiency’ versus ‘effectiveness of operations’ debate important from the strategic angle?
What is competing on time? Explain.
What is globalisation? What are the effects of globalisation on strategic aspects of operations?Discuss.
Link up environmental management and operations management in a strategic framework. Explain your response.
Take any company in the manufacturing or service sector. Study as to how its overall business strategy has impacted its operations strategy. Collect data by means of published papers, articles,
Are the demand fluctuations (cycle of fluctuations) predictable? For instance, the peak demand for accommodation in Goa comes during the Christmas–New Year season and the demand is fairly high from
What are the underlying causes of these fluctuations?(a) If it is customer habits, could these be changed through pricing, promotion, place or product strategies?(b) If it is the actions by third
Production of services is spontaneous as opposed to manufacture of goods which is spread over a time period. What managerial policy implications does this distinction have for increasing service
What is controlled flexibility? Discuss in the context of managing services.
Take up a sales order. Trace it for all the ‘moments of truth’. If you were to handle the sales order the next time over, how would you do it differently?
How can the inverted pyramid and the traditional vertical hierarchical pyramid coexist?Discuss.
Give two instances as to how a people-directed service can be converted into a thingsdirected service? Explain.Does such a conversion have any specific advantages? Also explain as to what could be
A government hospital is overcrowded. How would you, as the hospital’s chief administrator, manage the capacity? Elaborate.
Explain the links, in the Service Triangle, between people and customer, and the service strategy and people.
‘Access’ is an important determinant of service quality. A company is in the manufacture of drawn wires. How would you apply the ‘Access’ determinant in the case of this wiredrawing company
Compare the ‘Singapore Girl’ symbol of Singapore Airlines and ‘Maharaja’ symbol of Air India. the service management issues.
Are ‘Economies of scale’ possible in services? Discuss giving examples whenever necessary.
Production and operations management generates ‘value’ for the customer. What is that‘value’ in a service? What are the objective and subjective components of that ‘value’?Discuss.
What are the hurdles in the globalisation of services? Mention the managerial, social and political issues.
Are services, generally more difficult to globalise? What are the implications in the Indian context of the newly liberalised economy?ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Visit any hospital. Observe and comment on the special aspects of its operations.
Are direct costs always variable? Are indirect costs always fixed? Explain.
What is the distinction between accounting profit and economic profit? How is such a distinction linked with the concept of opportunity costs?
I desire to own an apartment. Towards this, I have already made part payment to a housing society. Rs. 5,00,000 is paid and Rs. 8,00,000 remains to be paid. Only after the complete payment, I shall
What distinction can be made between long run costs and short run costs? For a company manufacturing consumer products, such as toothpastes and soaps, list the long run and short run costs.
The break-even analysis as presented in this chapter was for a single product. Present your analysis for a company manufacturing a number of different products. Will the analysis be substantially
Why, in some cases, are there multiple break-even points? How should one go about choosing the output volume?
What costs are incurred if a company is shut down temporarily and if it is totally abandoned?
If a company is totally abandoned, will the depreciation of the assets be based on the sales value or on the original cost?
A company enters into a contract with a government department for the supply of its product. The contract is for 1,00,000 ± 10% items of product during this year. The exact number required is not
Take the case of the housekeeping department in a hotel. List all the ‘controllable’ and‘non-controllable’ costs.
In Q. 10, would the costs of laundering linen be direct or indirect? Would it be a variable cost? Explain.
What are the basic assumptions in linear programming?
Why is it called ‘linear’ programming?
If in the graphical approach indicated in this chapter, the line of objective function is parallel to the line corresponding to one of the constraints, what is the effect?
What are the limitations of using the graphical approach to the solution of linear programming problems?
Typical linear programming has one objective function. But, in many practical situations, there could be more than one objective. How can one take care of such a situation? Explain by means of an
What is ‘shadow price’? How would you use the information?
Can you solve the following Linear Programming problem?Maximise P = 10q + 9r 5q + 4r 14 4q + 5r 9 7q – 9r 11
In a linear programming problem, is it necessary to have at least as many constraints as the number of decision variables? Explain.
Will ‘topology’ be useful in Linear Programming? How?
Check up on the dynamic programming approach in other literature. Note its basic premises and utility in production and operations Management.
Ten girl students of a post-graduate science college are residing in the same hostel as the other 200 boy students because the college does not provide separate accommodation for girl students. The
A hospital’s performance is being judged by the number of patients treated in a month. The facilities in the hospital can basically be divided into five categories:
Choose a business organisation. Select any aspect of its operations and apply Linear Programming. Present your report.
What is the importance of capital budgeting in Operations Management?
Do sunk costs affect the capital budgeting process? Explain.
Does depreciation figure in the capital budgeting process? Explain.
What are the merits and demerits of NPV and IRR?
For mutually exclusive project proposals, what should be the criterion for the selection—NPV or IRR? Why?
What is the meaning of Internal Rate of Return?
How do the two methods of incorporating risk, viz. (a) risk-adjusted discounting rate, and(b) risk equivalence approach differ from each other? What are their similarities, if any?
If Rs. 10,000 invested in a project yields a benefit stream of Rs. 3,000 per annum for 5 years:(a) Compute the payback period.(b) Compute the NPV at 10% discount rate.(c) Compute the IRR.
The following table gives information regarding the two mutually exclusive Projects X and Y.Period Net cash flows from Project X Net cash flows from Project Y 0 – 700 – 7000 1 450 4100 2 450
Consider the following two mutually exclusive projects. The net cash flows are given in the table below:Year Net cash flows from Project A Net cash flows from Project B 0 – Rs. 1,00,000 – Rs.
Suppose the average cost of maintenance for a piece of equipment is related to its life as follows:6.14 Production and Operations Management Period Cost, Rs. Period Cost, Rs.1 507230 2 708270 3
Calculate the IRR of the following:Year Cash Flow 0 – 25,000 1 + 20,000 2 + 10,000 3 – 10,000 4 + 15,000 5 + 10,000
Would IRR criterion be different while evaluating projects in the social sector? Discuss.
Would considerations of ‘Risk’ differ in the case of projects in the social sector? Discuss.ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
Apply ‘Capital Budgeting’ principles to the management of the environment and sustainability. Present your arguments and observations.
What are waiting times ‘in the system’ and ‘in the line’?
What is a ‘transient’ solution to a queueing problem? What kinds of solutions are tabulated in this chapter? Give an example of a ‘transient’ behaviour.
What are finite queueing tables?
How would different Queueing Disciplines affect waiting line characteristics? Explain by giving examples.
What is the relation between the server utilisation and average waiting time for customers? What is the practical significance of this relation.
In an airline hangar, jet-engines arrive at a rate of 2 per week. A jet engine costs nearly Rs. 1 crore. There are 30 aircraft, each with 4 engines. When an engine breaks down, it is sent for
Tax-payers are lining up, on June 29th, in order to file their income-tax returns. The arrival of the tax-payers is Poisson, at a mean rate of 5 per minute. The I.T. Officer wishes that no tax-payer
For the above two cases plot the server utilisation vs. length of the queue.
IIM faculty members (Prof. Chary’s team) are interviewing the applicants for admission.The interviews start at 9.00 a.m. and each applicant has been asked to come at 15 minutes interval starting
How can simulation be used for incorporating ‘risk’ into the capital budgeting decision under uncertainty?
Observe a busy traffic junction. Present a report on easing traffic jams by means of the application of Queuing principles.
Are the moving averages method and the exponential smoothing method of forecasting related? How and why?
Does exponential smoothing track a trend in the demand satisfactorily? What is the reason?
(a) What is the purpose behind the computations of demand ratios in taking care of seasonalities in demand?(b) Are base series always computed over the calendar year? Give reasons for your answer.
What are the criteria on the basis of which you assess the different forecasting methods?Would root mean square error be the criterion? Would ‘error’, whichever way measured, be the only
What are the limitations of: (a) Trend extrapolation, (b) Use of input-output tables, and (c)Delphi technique?
Read through the literature and find out what ‘Technology Assessment’ is? How is it useful to operations management?
What are the levels of aggregation in forecasting for a manufacturing organisation? How should this hierarchy of forecasts be linked and used?
Data on Product X’s price and the number of units sold is furnished below:Price Rs./unit Sales units Price Rs.Sales units 9.90 1143 16.50 410 19.60 361 13.70 605 14.50 532 11.20 910 10.80 997 18.70
The history of the load on a work centre is furnished :(a) Use appropriate value of the smoothing constant ( ) and forecast for February 2009.Do not consider seasonality.(b) Forecast for the load
How would forecasting be useful for operations in a BPO (Business Processes Outsourcing) unit? What factors may be important for this industry? Discuss.
What is the role of statistics in quality control? Give examples of the situations where statistics is applicable and where it is not applicable.
How would you control quality in a job-shop situation (where one customer’s order may be different from another’s). How would you control quality in a bank ? In a restaurant ?Discuss.
How would you perceive the role of the Quality Control Manager in an organisation? In a manufacturing organisation Should the quality control function be separate from the line function of
What is the difference between the specification limits and the control limits?
What is the implicit assumption when we say ‘the control limits fall within the range of specification limits’? When is this possible and when is it not?
For what kind of industries and products do you feel that statistical process control may not be quite applicable? Describe the different situations.
We have introduced a sampling procedure in order to simplify the statistical computations.Is it always possible to adopt such a sampling procedure in all industries?
What are the merits and demerits of ‘narrow’ band of control limits and of ‘wider’ band of control limits? Is it always necessary to use ± 3s limits for the control charts? (Why not ±2s or
Besides the examples given in this chapter, give examples of a few more situations where the p-chart and the c-chart can be used.
Under what conditions are the assumptions of a Poisson distribution valid for the cchart?
Give an example of how quality planning is a part of the corporate planning process. Give an example from the service industry.
A particular equipment is quite old and gives wide fluctuations in quality. What can you do and not do to control quality in such circumstances?
In Vayuputra aircraft’s landing gear assembly the defects are found as given in the table below.If the weightages given for the different classes of defects are:A 10 B 5 C 1 Construct appropriate
Following is the record of the defectives observed during the inspection process of an automatic machine producing small bolts of standard size.Sample Number Sample Size Number of Defective Bolts 1
The specifications for a product characteristic are: 0.3027 ± 0.008. The values given below are the last two figures of the dimension reading, that is, 23 means 0.3023. Sample Size n is 5.Sample No.
Bonnie Baby brand of baby powder is being packed in 400 g containers by an automatic filler. In order not to pack less powder into the container, the Bonnie Baby Powder Company sets a lower

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