In the study by Parker et al. (A-4) (see Exercise 9.3.5), the authors also looked at the change in AUC

(area under the curve of plasma concentration of digoxin) when comparing digoxin levels taken with and without grapefruit juice. The following table gives the AUC when digoxin was consumed with water ng ð Þ hr=ml and the change in AUC compared to the change in AUC when digoxin is taken with grapefruit juice (GFJ, %).

Water AUC Level

ð Þ ng  hr=ml Change in AUC with GFJ (%)

6.96 17.4 5.59 24.5 5.31 8.5 8.22 20.8 11.91 26.7 9.50 29.3 11.28 16.8 Source: Data provided courtesy of Robert B. Parker, Pharm.D.