Researchers studied the association between birth mothers’ smoking habits and the birth weights of their babies. Group 1 consisted of nonsmokers.

Group 2 comprised smokers who smoked less than one pack of cigarettes per day. Group 3 smoked more than one but fewer than two packs per day.

Group 4 smoked more than two packs per day.

Use the above table to construct an ANOVA table for the test of no mean differences in birth weight among the groups. What is the p-value for this test? What do you conclude about the effect of smoking on birth weight?

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Group 1 Birth Weights of Infants (n = 11 in Each Group) by Mother's Smoking Status Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Subject (birthweight Subject (birthweight Subject (birthweight Subject (birthweight Number in grams) Number in grams) Number in grams) Number in grams) 1234567 3510 12 3444 23 2608 34 2232 3174 13 3111 24 2555 35 2331 3580 14 2890 25 3100 36 2200 3232 15 3002 26 1775 37 2121 3884 16 2995 27 2985 38 2001 3982 17 3101 28 2479 39 1566 4055 18 3400 29 2901 40 1676 8 3459 19 3764 30 2778 41 1783 9 3998 20 2997 31 2099 42 2002 11 10 3852 21 3031 32 2500 43 2118 11 3421 22 3120 33 2322 44 1882