The criminal justice analogy. A jury having heard the evidence in a criminal case is debating whether to render a verdict of guilty or not guilty. Because it is worse to convict an innocent person of a crime they did not commit than let a guilty person go free, each case starts with a presumption of innocence. This is analogous to the presumption that H0 is true in a statistical hypothesis test. Other analogies exist. To make these connections, fill in the cells of a table with the labels:

(a) Acquittal of an innocent person;

(b) conviction of an innocent person;

(c) acquittal of a guilty person; and

(d) declaring a criminal guilty. Which type of decision is analogous to a type I error? Which is analogous to a type II error?