The objective of a study by Reinecke et al. (A-59) was to investigate the functional activity and expression of the sarcolemmal exchange in the failing human heart. The researchers obtained left ventricular samples from failing human hearts of 11 male patients (mean age 51 years) undergoing cardiac transplantation. Nonfailing control hearts were obtained from organ donors (four females, two males, mean age 41 years) whose hearts could not be transplanted for noncardiac reasons. The following are the exchanger activity measurements for the patients with end-stage heart failure (CHF) and nonfailing controls (NF).

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NF CHF 0.075 0.221 0.073 0.231 0.167 0.145 0.085 0.112 0.110 0.170 0.083 0.207 0.112 0.291 0.164 0.195 0.185