Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If false, alter the statement to make it true.

a. The least-squares line is that line that minimizes the sum of the residuals.

b. If all the residuals equal zero, then SST=SSR.

c. If the value of the correlation coefficient is negative, this indicates that the variables are negatively correlated.

d. The value of the correlation coefficient can be calculated, given the value of r2 alone.

e. Outliers are influential observations.

f. If the residual for an outlier is positive, we may say that the observed y-value is higher than the regression estimated, given the x-value. g. An observation may be influential even though it is neither an outlier nor a high leverage point. h. The best way of determining whether an observation is influential is to see whether its Cook’s distance exceeds 1.0. i. If one is interested in using regression analysis in a strictly descriptive manner, with no inference and no model building, then one need not worry quite so much about assumption validation. j. In a normality plot, if the distribution is normal, then the bulk of the points should fall on a straight line. k. The chi-square distribution is left-skewed. l. Small p-values for the Anderson–Darling test statistic indicate that the data are right-skewed. m. A funnel pattern in the plot of residuals versus fits indicates a violation of the independence assumption.