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economics of money banking and financial markets
Questions and Answers of
Economics Of Money Banking And Financial Markets
In December 2001, Argentina announced it would not honor its sovereign (government-issued) debt.Many investors were left holding Argentinean bonds priced at a fraction of their previous value. A few
How can asymmetric information problems lead to a bank panic?
What steps can the government take to reduce asymmetric information problems and help the financial system function more smoothly and efficiently?
What specific procedures do financial intermediaries use to reduce asymmetric information problems in lending?
Would you be more willing to lend to a friend if she put all of her life savings into her business than you would if she had not done so? Why?
Do you think the lemons problem would be more severe for stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange or those traded over-the-counter? Explain.
Wealthy people often worry that others will seek to marry them only for their money. Is this a problem of adverse selection?
Suppose you go to a bank, intending to buy a certificate of deposit with your savings. Explain why you would not offer a loan to the next individual who applies for a car loan at your local bank at a
Why are financial intermediaries willing to engage in information collection activities when investors in financial instruments may be unwilling to do so?
Describe two ways in which financial intermediaries help lower transaction costs in the economy.
How can economies of scale help explain the existence of financial intermediaries?
For each of the following countries, identify the single most important (largest) and least important (smallest)source of external funding: United States; Germany;Japan; Canada. Comment on the
The Internet is a great source of information on stock prices and stock price movements. Yahoo Finance is a great source for stock market data. Go to http://finance .yahoo.com and click on the DOW
Visit www.forecasts.org/data/index.htm. Click on Stock Index at the very top of the page. Now choose U.S. Stock Indices—monthly. Review the indexes for the DJIA, the S&P 500, and the NASDAQ
A company has just announced a 3-for-1 stock split, effective immediately. Prior to the split, the company had a market value of $5 billion with 100 million shares outstanding. Assuming that the
The current price of a stock is $65.88. If dividends are expected to be $1 per share for the next five years, and the required return is 10%, then what should the price of the stock be in 5 years
After careful analysis, you have determined that a firm’s dividends should grow at 7%, on average, in the foreseeable future. The firm’s last dividend was $3.Compute the current price of this
Compute the price of a share of stock that pays a $1 per year dividend and that you expect to be able to sell in one year for $20, assuming you require a 15%return.
Why might the efficient market hypothesis be less likely to hold when fundamentals suggest stocks should be at a lower level?
In the late 1990s, as information technology rapidly advanced and the Internet widely developed, U.S. stock markets soared, peaking in early 2001. Later that year, these markets began to unwind, and
“Human fear is the source of stock market crashes, so these crashes indicate that expectations in the stock market cannot be rational.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your
Can we expect the value of the dollar to rise by 2%next week if our expectations are rational?
“Foreign exchange rates, like stock prices, should follow a random walk.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
If higher money growth is associated with higher future inflation, and if announced money growth turns out to be extremely high but is still less than the market expected, what do you think would
“An efficient market is one in which no one ever profits from having better information than the rest.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
Can a person with rational expectations expect the price of a share of Google to rise by 10% in the next month?14 “If most participants in the stock market do not follow what is happening to the
If your broker has been right in her five previous buy and sell recommendations, should you continue listening to her advice?
If you read in the Wall Street Journal that the “smart money” on Wall Street expects stock prices to fall, should you follow that lead and sell all your stocks?
If the public expects a corporation to lose $5 per share this quarter and it actually loses $4, which is still the largest loss in the history of the company, what does the efficient market
Suppose that increases in the money supply lead to a rise in stock prices. Does this mean that when you see the money supply has sharply increased in the past week, you should go out and buy stocks?
“If stock prices did not follow a random walk, there would be unexploited profit opportunities in the market.”Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
If a forecaster spends hours every day studying data to forecast interest rates, but his expectations are not as accurate as predicting that tomorrow’s interest rates will be identical to today’s
“Anytime it is snowing when Joe Commuter gets up in the morning, he misjudges how long it will take him to drive to work. When it is not snowing, his expectations of the driving time are perfectly
“Forecasters’ predictions of inflation are notoriously inaccurate, so their expectations of inflation cannot be rational.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain?Explain your answer.
If monetary policy becomes more transparent about the future course of interest rates, how would that affect stock prices, if at all?
Some economists think that central banks should try to prick bubbles in the stock market before they get out of hand and cause later damage when they burst.How can monetary policy be used to prick a
What are the two main sources of cash flows for a stockholder? How reliably can these cash flows be estimated?Compare the problem of estimating stock cash flows to estimating bond cash flows. Which
What basic principle of finance can be applied to the valuation of any investment asset?
Investment companies attempt to explain to investors the nature of the risk the investor incurs when buying shares in their mutual funds. For example, Vanguard carefully explains interest-rate risk
Figure 7 shows a number of yield curves at various points in time. Go to www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates/index.html and find the Treasury yield curve.Does the current yield curve fall above or below
The amount of additional interest investors receive due to the various risk premiums changes over time.Sometimes the risk premiums are much larger than at other times. For example, the default risk
The table below shows current and expected future one-year interest rates, as well as current interest rates on multiyear bonds. Use the table to calculate the liquidity premium for each multiyear
Assuming that the expectations theory is the correct theory of the term structure, calculate the interest rates in the term structure for maturities of one to five years, and plot the resulting yield
Assuming that the expectations theory is the correct theory of the term structure, calculate the interest rates in the term structure for maturities of one to five years, and plot the resulting yield
In 2010 and 2011, the government of Greece risked defaulting on its debt due to a severe budget crisis.Using bond market graphs, show the effect on the risk premium between U.S. Treasury debt and
Following a policy meeting on March 19, 2009, the Federal Reserve made an announcement that it would purchase up to $300 billion of longer-term Treasury securities over the following six months. What
If expectations of future short-term interest rates suddenly fall, what would happen to the slope of the yield curve?
If the yield curve suddenly becomes steeper, how would you revise your predictions of interest rates in the future?
If yield curves, on average, were flat, what would this say about the liquidity (term) premiums in the term structure? Would you be more or less willing to accept the expectations theory?
If a yield curve looks like the one shown in the figure below, what is the market predicting about the movement of future short-term interest rates? What might the yield curve indicate about the
If a yield curve looks like the one shown in the figure below, what is the market predicting about the movement of future short-term interest rates? What might the yield curve indicate about the
Suppose the interest rates on one-, five-, and ten-year U.S. Treasury bonds are currently 3%, 6%, and 6%, respectively. Investor A chooses to hold only one-year bonds, and Investor B is indifferent
If bond investors decide that 30-year bonds are no longer as desirable an investment, predict what will happen to the yield curve, assuming (a) the expectations theory of the term structure holds;
“According to the expectations theory of the term structure, it is better to invest in one-year bonds, reinvested over two years, than to invest in a two-year bond, if interest rates on one-year
Prior to 2008, mortgage lenders required a house inspection to assess its value, and often used the same one or two inspection companies in the same geographical market. Following the collapse of the
If the income tax exemption on municipal bonds were abolished, what would happen to the interest rates on these bonds? What effect would the change have on interest rates on U.S. Treasury securities?
During 2008, the difference in yield (the yield spread)between three-month AA-rated financial commercial paper and three-month AA-rated nonfinancial commercial paper steadily increased from its usual
Predict what would happen to the risk premiums on corporate bonds if brokerage commissions were lowered in the corporate bond market.
Predict what will happen to interest rates on a corporation’s bonds if the federal government guarantees today that it will pay creditors if the corporation goes bankrupt in the future. What will
The U.S. Treasury offers some of its debt as Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, or TIPS, in which the price of bonds is adjusted for inflation over the life of the debt instrument. TIPS bonds
“If bonds of different maturities are close substitutes, their interest rates are more likely to move together.”Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
Risk premiums on corporate bonds are usually anticyclical;that is, they decrease during business cycle expansions and increase during recessions. Why is this so?
In the fall of 2008, AIG, the largest insurance company in the world at the time, was at risk of defaulting due to the severity of the global financial crisis. As a result, the U.S. government
Why do U.S. Treasury bills have lower interest rates than large-denomination negotiable bank CDs?
Which should have the higher risk premium on its interest rates, a corporate bond with a Moody’s Baa rating or a corporate bond with a C rating? Why?
If junk bonds are “junk,” then why would investors buy them?
The demand curve and supply curve for one-year discount bonds with a face value of $1,000 are represented by the following equations:Bd: Price = -0.6 Quantity + 1140 Bs: Price = Quantity + 700
The demand curve and supply curve for one-year discount bonds with a face value of $1,000 are represented by the following equations:Bd: Price = -0.6 Quantity + 1140 Bs: Price = Quantity + 700a. What
Using both the supply and demand for bonds and liquidity preference frameworks, show how interest rates are affected when the riskiness of bonds rises. Are the results the same in the two frameworks?
Using both the liquidity preference framework and the supply and demand for bonds framework, show why interest rates are procyclical (rising when the economy is expanding and falling during
An important way in which the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply is by selling bonds to the public. Using a supply and demand analysis for bonds, show what effect this action has on interest
Suppose you visit with a financial adviser, and you are considering investing some of your wealth in one of three investment portfolios: stocks, bonds, or commodities.Your financial adviser provides
M1 money growth in the U.S. was about 16% in 2008, 7% in 2009, and 9% in 2010. Over the same time period, the yield on 3-month Treasury bills fell from almost 3% to close to 0%. Given these high
If the next chair of the Federal Reserve Board has a reputation for advocating an even slower rate of money growth than the current chair, what will happen to interest rates? Discuss the possible
Why should a rise in the price level (but not in expected inflation) cause interest rates to rise when the nominal money supply is fixed?
Would fiscal policy makers ever have reason to worry about potentially inflationary conditions? Why or why not?
Predict what will happen to interest rates if prices in the bond market become more volatile.
Predict what will happen to interest rates if the public suddenly expects a large increase in stock prices.
The president of the United States announces in a press conference that he will fight the higher inflation rate with a new anti-inflation program. Predict what will happen to interest rates if the
Will there be an effect on interest rates if brokerage commissions on stocks fall? Explain your answer.
In the aftermath of the global economic crisis that started to take hold in 2008, U.S. government budget deficits increased dramatically, yet interest rates on U.S. Treasury debt fell sharply and
Explain what effect a large federal deficit should have on interest rates.
How might a sudden increase in people’s expectations of future real estate prices affect interest rates?
What effect will a sudden increase in the volatility of gold prices have on interest rates?
“No one who is risk-averse will ever buy a security that has a lower expected return, more risk, and less liquidity than another security.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain
“The more risk-averse people are, the more likely they are to diversify.” Is this statement true, false, or uncertain?Explain your answer.
What would happen to the demand for Rembrandt paintings if the stock market undergoes a boom? Why?
Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy long-term AT&T bonds under the following circumstances:a. Trading in these bonds increases, making them easier to sell.b. You expect a bear market
Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy gold under the following circumstances:a. Gold again becomes acceptable as a medium of exchange.b. Prices in the gold market become more
Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy a house under the following circumstances:a. You just inherited $100,000.b. Real estate commissions fall from 6% of the sales price to 5% of the
Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy a share of Microsoft stock in the following situations:a. Your wealth falls.b. You expect the stock to appreciate in value.c. The bond market
Assume you just deposited $1,000 into a bank account. The current real interest rate is 2%, and inflation is expected to be 6% over the next year. What nominal rate would you require from the bank
A $1000-face-value bond has a 10% coupon rate, its current price is $960, and it is expected to increase to$980 next year. Calculate the current yield, the expected rate of capital gain, and the
Property taxes in a particular district are 4% of the purchase price every year. If you just purchased a $250,000 home, what is the present value of all the future property tax payments? Assume that
What is the price of a perpetuity that has a coupon of $50 per year and a yield to maturity of 2.5%? If the yield to maturity doubles, what will happen to its price?
Consider a coupon bond that has a $1,000 par value and a coupon rate of 10%. The bond is currently selling for $1,044.89 and has two years to maturity. What is the bond’s yield to maturity?
Consider a bond with a 4% annual coupon and a face value of $1,000. Complete the following table.What relationships do you observe between years to maturity, yield to maturity, and the current price?
Which $1,000 bond has the higher yield to maturity, a twenty-year bond selling for $800 with a current yield of 15% or a one-year bond selling for $800 with a current yield of 5%?
What is the yield to maturity on a simple loan for$1 million that requires a repayment of $2 million in five years’ time?
What is the yield to maturity on a $1,000-face-value discount bond maturing in one year that sells for$800?
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