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financial statement analysis
Questions and Answers of
Financial Statement Analysis
E13.16. Calculating Residual Operating Income: Dell, Inc. (Medium) Dell, Inc., reported after-tax operating income of $2,618 million for fiscal year 2008, along with operating assets at the beginning
E13.15. Residual Operating Income and Enterprise Multiples: General Mills, Inc. (Easy) Reformulated balance sheets and income statements for General Mills's 2008 fiscal year are in Exhibits 9.5 and
E13.14. Enterprise Multiples for IBM Corporation (Easy) IBM's 1,385.2 million outstanding shares traded at $102 each when its 2007 financial state- ments were published. Those statements reported
E13.13. Using Market Values in the Balance Sheet: Pennzoil (Easy) Pennzoil (now PennzEnergy Corporation), the oil company, has a substantial holding of Chevron Corporation, another oil company. But
E13.12. The Quality of Carrying Values for Equity Investments: Sun Trust Bank (Easy) In 1993, SunTrust Bank of Atlanta reported investment securities on its balance sheet of $10,644 million, an
E13.11. Levered and Unlevered P/E Ratios (Medium) The following pro forma was prepared for a firm at the end of 2009 (in millions of dollars); 2009A 2010E 2011E 2012E Net operating assets 1,300 1,300
E13.10. Levered and Unlevered P/B and P/E Ratios (Easy) A firm has the following summary balance sheet and income statement (in millions): Net operating assets Net financial obligations Common equity
E13.9. Growth, the Cost of Capital, and the Normal P/E Ratio (Hard) Box 13.5 in this chapter demonstrated how stock repurchases and leverage changes can in- crease earnings-per-share growth. Answer
E13.8. Abnormal Operating Income Growth Valuation (Easy) Using the forecasts in Exercise E13.7, forecast abnormal operating income growth and, from these forecasts, value the operations and the
E13.7. Residual Operating Income Valuation (Easy) The following forecasts were made for a firm with net operating assets of $1,135 million and net financial obligations of $720 million at the end of
E13.6. Calculating the Required Return for Equity (Medium) A firm with a required return of 10 percent for operations has a book value of net debt of $2,450 million with a borrowing cost of 8 percent
E13.5. Cost of Capital Calculations (Easy) From the following data, calculate the cost of capital for operations (WACC). Use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity capital.
13.4. Residual Operating Income and Abnormal Operating Income Growth (Easy) Here are financial statements for a firm (in millions of dollars): Income Statement Balance Sheet, End of Year 2009 2008
E13.3. Calculating Abnormal Operating Income Growth (Easy) Here are summary numbers from a firm's financial statements (in millions): 2006 2007 2008 2009 Operating income 187.00 200.09 214.10 229.08
E13.2. Calculating Residual Operating Income and Its Drivers (Easy) Here are summary numbers from a firm's financial statements (in millions): Operating income Net operating assets 2006 2007 2008
E13.1. Residual Earnings and Residual Operating Income (Easy) Here are summary financial statements for a firm (in millions of dollars) Income Statement, 2009 Operating income Interest expense Net
CI3.1S. Established firms, likeGeneral Electric, have lowbetarisk, lowearnings volatility, but consistently highearnings growth rates. These firms should have particularly high PIEratios. Correct?
C13.14. Doesan increase infinancial leverage increase ordecrease the(levered) PIE ratio?
e13.13. If an investor wants to buy a stock with high earnings growth but with low risk, shemustpay a highmultiple of earnings for it. Correct?
C13.12. During the 1990s and 2000s, many firms repurchased stockand borrowed to do so. What is the typical effect of stockrepurchases on earnings-per-share growth and return on common equity? Predict
e13.11. Levered price-to-book ratios are always higher than unlevered price-to-book ratios. Is thiscorrect?
C13.10. Anincrease infinancial leverage increases returnoncommon equity(if the operatingspread is positive), andthusincreases residual earnings. Thevalue ofequity is basedon forecasted residual
C13.8. What is wrong withtyingmanagement bonuses to earnings pershare? Whatmeasurewould youpropose as a management performance metric?vC13.9. Themanagement of a firmthattiesemployee bonuses toreturn
C13.7. A firmwithpositive net financial assets willtypically havea required returnfor equity that is greater thanthe required return for its operations. Is this correct?
C13.6. Explain whatis meant bya financing riskpremium in the equity cost of capital.When willa financing riskpremium be negative?
CllS. Canresidual operating income increase while, forthesameperiod, residual earningsdecrease?
C13.4. What drives growth in residual operating income?
C13.3. Whymight the market value of the assets of a pure investment fund that holds onlyequity securities notbe anindication of the fund's (intrinsic) value?
C13.2. If assets aremeasured at theirfair(intrinsic) value, theanalyst mustforecast that residual earnings fromthose assets will bezero.Is thiscorrect?
CI3.1. If assets are at fair market value in the balance sheet, the income reported from those assetsintheincome statement does notgiveanyinformation about thevalue of the assets. Is thiscorrect?
What does recent research reveal to be the most important component or activity in the strategic-management process?
Explain why both internal and external factors should be stated in specific terms (that is, using numbers, percentages, money ratios, and comparisons over time) to the extent possible.
Label the following as an opportunity, a strategy, or a strength.a. XYZ Inc. is hiring fifty more salespersons.b. XYZ Inc. has fifty salespersons.c. XYZ Inc.’s rival firm has only fifty
Why it is not adequate simply to obtain competitive advantage?
Describe the content available at the Strategy Club website at www.strategyclub.com .
What is the fundamental difference between business strategy and military strategies in terms of basic assumptions?
List what you believe are the five most important lessons for business that can be garnered from The Art of War.
As cited in the chapter, famous businessman Edward Deming once said, “In God we trust. All others bring data.” What did Deming mean in terms of developing a strategic plan?
Why do many firms move too hastily from vision and mission development to devising alternative strategies?
How important do you believe “having an excellent game plan” is to winning a basketball or football game against your university’s major rival? Discuss.
What variable does recent research reveal to be most important of all in doing business? Explain why this variable is so important.
Why do you believe SWOT analysis is so commonly used by businesses in doing strategic planning?
The so-called Internet Bubble gripped stock markets in 1998, 1999, and 2000, as discussed in the chapter. Internet stocks traded at multiples of earnings and sales rarely seen in stock mar kets.
E1.6. Identifying Operating, Investing, and Financing Transactions: Microsoft (Easy) Microsoft Corp. reported the following in its annual report to the Securities and Exchange Commission for fiscal
E1.5. Enterprise Market Value: General Mills and Hewlett-Packard (Medium)a. General Mills, Inc., the large manufacturer of packaged foods, reported the following in its annual report for the year
E1.4. Finding Information on the Internet: Dell, Inc. General Motors, and Ford (Easy) This chapter compared Dell, Inc., and General Motors Corp., and Ford Motor Co. Go to the Internet and find
E1.3. Buy or Sell? (Easy) A firm reports book value of shareholders' equity of $850 million with 25 million shares outstanding. Those shares trade at $45 each in the stock market. An analyst values
E1.2. Calculating Value per share (Easy) An analyst estimates that the enterprise value of a firm is $2.7 billion. The firm has $900 million of debt outstanding. If there are 500 million shares
E1.14 Calculating Enterprise Value (Easy) The shares of a firm trade on the stock market at a total of $1.2 billion and its debt trades at $600 million. What is the value of the firm (its enterprise
C1.8. Consider the case whereall investors are passive investors: Theybuy index funds.What is your prediction about how stock prices will behave overtime? Will they follow a random walk? Hint:
C1.7. Somecommentators argue that stock prices"follow a random walk." By this they meanthatchanges instockpricesinthe future are notpredictable, so noonecanearn an abnormal retum. Would
Cl.6. Should a shareholder be indifferent between sellingher shares on the open market andsellingthemto the finn ina stockrepurchase?
C1.5. In the late 1990s, PIEratioswerehighby historical standards. The PIE ratio for the S&P 500stockswasas highas 33 in 1999. In the 1970s it was8.Whatdo youthink would bea "normal"PIE ratio-s-that
CIA. 'What is the difference between a passive investor andan active investor?
CIJ. Critique the following statement: Holdstocksforthelongrun,forinthe longrun,the returnto stocksis always higherthanbondreturns.
Cl.2. Whatis the difference between an alphatechnology anda beta technology?
CI.I. Whatis the difference between fundamental riskand pricerisk?
E14.11. A Simple Valuation and Reverse Engineering: IBM (Easy) The following are key numbers from IBM's financial statements for 2004. Net operating assets, end of year Net financial obligations, end
E11.7. Analysis of Profitability: The Coca-Cola Company (Easy) Here is a reformulated income statement for the Coca-Cola Company for 2007 (in millions): Sales Cost of sales Gross margin Advertising
E10.11. Extracting Information from the Cash Flow Statement with a Reformulation: Microsoft Corporation (Medium) For many years, Microsoft has generated considerable free cash flow. Up to 2004, it
CASE 2–3 Canada Steel Co. produces steel casting and metal fabrications for sale to manufacturers of heavy construction machinery and agricultural equipment. Early in Year 3, the company’s
CASE 2–2 Two potential methods of accounting for the cost of oil drilling are full cost and successful efforts.Under the full-cost method, a drilling company capitalizes costs both for successful
PROBLEM 2–17 Answer the following questions using the annual report of Colgate in Appendix A.a. Who is responsible for the preparation and integrity of Colgate’s financial statements and notes?
PROBLEM 2–17 The following is an excerpt from a quarterly earnings announcement by American Express:American Express Reports Record Quarterly Net Income of $648 Million QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30
PROBLEM 2–10 Consider the following: While accrual accounting information is imperfect, ignoring it and making cash flows the basis of all analysis and business decisions is like throwing the baby
PROBLEM 2–10 A finance textbook likens accrual accounting information to “nail soup.” The recipe for nail soup includes the usual soup ingredients such as broth and noodles, but it also
PROBLEM 2–10 Emerson Electric is engaged in design, manufacture, and sale of a broad range of electrical, electromechanical, and electronic products and systems. The following shows Emerson’s net
PROBLEM 2–10 The following information is taken from Marsh Supermarkets fiscal 20X7 annual report:During the first quarter, we made several decisions resulting in a $13 million charge to earnings.
PROBLEM 2–10 The following information is extracted from the annual report of Lands’ End (in millions, except per share data):Fiscal year Year 9 Year 8 Year 7 Year 6 Year 5 Year 4 Net income
PROBLEM 2–10 The FASB in SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Options,” encourages (but does not require) companies to recognize compensation expense based on the fair value of stock
PROBLEM 2–10 According to an article in TheWall Street Journal, a European filmmaking studio, Polygram, is considering funding movie production by selling securities.These securities will yield
PROBLEM 2–1 In a discussion of corporate income, a user of financial statements alleges that “One of the real problems with income is that you never really know what it is. The only way you can
PROBLEM 2–1 Consider the following claim from a business observer:An accountant’s job is to conceal, not to reveal. An accountant is not asked to give outsiders an accurate picture of what’s
PROBLEM 2–1 A standard setter recently made a private remark that conservatism was a “barbaric relic” that violated the “neutrality” requirement of accounting information and that financial
PROBLEM 2–1 Consider the following excerpt from the Financial Analysts Journal:Strictly speaking, the objectives of financial reporting are the objectives of society and not of accountants and
PROBLEM 2–1 A FASB member expressed the following view:Are we going to set accounting standards in the private sector or not? . . . Part of the answer depends on how the business community views
PROBLEM 2–1 An editor of the Financial Analysts Journal reviewed an earlier edition of this book and asserted:Broadly speaking, accounting numbers are of two types: those that can be measured and
PROBLEM 2–1 Financial reporting has been likened to cartography:Information cannot be neutral—it cannot therefore be reliable—if it is selected or presented for the purpose of producing some
PROBLEM 2–1 Financial statement users often liken accounting standard setting to a political process. One user asserted that: My view is that the setting of accounting standards is as much a
EXERCISE 2–1 In the past decade, several large “money center” banks recorded huge additions to their loan loss reserve. For example, Citicorp recorded a one-time addition to its loan loss
EXERCISE 2–1 A former Chairman of the SEC refers to hidden reserves on the balance sheet as “cookie-jar”reserves. These reserves are built up in periods when earnings are strong and drawn down
EXERCISE 2–1 Accrual accounting requires estimates of future outcomes. For example, the reserve for bad debts is a forecast of the amount of current receivables that will ultimately prove
EXERCISE 2–1 Analysts produce forecasts of accounting earnings along with other forward-looking information.This information has strengths and weaknesses versus financial statement
EXERCISE 2–1a. Identify at least two reasons why an accrual accounting income statement is more useful for analyzing business performance than a cash flow based income statement.b. Describe what
EXERCISE 2–1 Financial statements are inexorably moving to a model where all assets and liabilities will be measured on the basis of fair value rather than historical cost.Required:a. Discuss the
EXERCISE 2–1 Financial statements are a major source of information about a company. Forecasts, reports, and recommendations from analysts are popular alternative sources of information.Required:a.
EXERCISE 2–1 There are various motivations for managers to make voluntary disclosures. Identify whether you believe managers are likely to release the following information in the form of voluntary
EXERCISE 2–1 Managers are responsible for ensuring fair and accurate financial reporting. Managers also have inside information that can aid their estimates of future outcomes. Yet, managers face
EXERCISE 2–1 The SEC requires various statutory reports from companies with publicly traded securities.Required:Identify which SEC report is the best place to find the following information.a.
EXERCISE 2–1 The SEC requires companies to submit statutory financial reports on both a quarterly and an annual basis. The quarterly report is called the 10-Q.Required:What are two factors about
EXERCISE 2–1 Some financial statement users criticize the timeliness of annual financial statements.Required:a. Explain why summary information in the income statement is not new information when
EXERCISE 2–2 Announcements of good news or bad news earnings for the recently completed fiscal quarter usually create fairly small abnormal stock price changes on the day of the
EXERCISE 2–1 Some financial statement users maintain that despite its intrinsic intellectual appeal, uniformity in accounting seems unworkable in a complex modern society that relies, at least in
CASE 1–8 Kimberly-Clark is a household products company that produces and sells various paper products under popular brand names such as Kleenex and Scott. In many respects, Kimberly-Clark is
CASE 1–7 As controller of Tallman Company, you are responsible for keeping the board of directors informed about the company’s financial activities. At the recent board meeting, you presented the
CASE 1–6 Explain and interpret the major business activities—namely, planning, financing, investing, and operating. Aim your report at a general audience such as shareholders and employees.
CASE 1–5 Refer to Campbell Soup Company’s financial statements in Appendix A.Required:Compute the following ratios for Year 11.Liquidity ratios: Asset utilization ratios:*a. Current ratio n. Cash
CASE 1–4 Jose Sanchez owns and operates Western Gear, a small merchandiser in outdoor recreational equipment. You are hired to review the three most recent years of operations for Western Gear.Your
CASE 1–3 Two companies competing in the same industry are being evaluated by a bank that can lend money to only one of them. Summary information from the financial statements of the two companies
PROBLEM 1–12 Key comparative figures ($ millions) for both NIKE and Reebok follow:Key Figures NIKE Reebok Key Figures NIKE Reebok Cash and equivalents . . . . . . . $ 108.6 $ 209.8 Income taxes . .
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