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business
foundations of economics
Questions and Answers of
Foundations Of Economics
(a) In which year did disinfl ation set in? (b) In which year did defl ation set in? (LO7)Year CPI 2010 100.0 2011 104.0 2012 110.2 2013 121.7 2014 129.4 2015 132.0 2016 133.5 2017 134.0 2018 133.8
If the unemployment rate is 10 percent, there are 150 million people in the labor force, and there are 5 million discouraged workers, how many people are unemployed? (LO4)
In which year was the misery index (a) the highest?(b) the lowest? (LO8) Year 1948 8.0 1949 5.9 1950 5.3 1951 3.3 Unemployment Rate (percent) Inflation Rate (percent) 3.0 -2.1 5.9 6.0 1952 3.0 0.8
(a) If the CPI fell from 180 to 150, by what percentage did the price level fall? (b) If the CPI rose from 150 to 180, by what percentage did the price level rise? (LO6)
Answer these questions, given the information that follows: (a) How many people are in the labor force?(b) What is the unemployment rate? Employed:90 million; discouraged workers: 4
Label the graph in Figure 1 with respect to the three phases of the business cycle and the cycle turning points. (LO1) Real GDP Figure 1 Years
If the overall rate of unemployment is 8.3 percent, what is the rate of cyclical unemployment? (LO5)
If the rate of infl ation is 5 percent, the prime rate of interest is 6 percent, and the unemployment rate is 7 percent, how much is the misery index? (LO8)
If the CPI rose from 200 in 1991 to 240 in 1997, by what percentage did prices increase? (LO6)
If the CPI is currently 178.9, by what percentage did prices rise since the base year? (LO6)
How much would the real rate of interest be if the nominal interest rate was 12 percent and the expected rate of infl ation was 4 percent? (LO7)
How much would the nominal interest rate be if the real rate of interest were 6 percent and the expected rate of infl ation were 7 percent? (LO7)
Given the following information, how many people are in the labor force? 3 million people are collecting unemployment insurance; 7 million people are offi cially unemployed; 2 million people are
Compute the unemployment rate given the following information: 8 million unemployed, 117 million employed. (LO4)
If the unemployment rate is 7 percent, how much is cyclical unemployment? (LO5)
In 2009 the rate of infl ation was ______________ percent. (LO6, 7)
To stop infl ation, we need to convince people that ______________ . (LO7)
Once infl ation is under way, a(n) ______________ takes over. (LO7)
If the consumer price index rises from 150 to 180, the cost of living rose by ______________ percent. (LO6)
According to A. W. Phillips, there is a trade-off between ______________ and ______________ . (LO8)
Two exogenous business cycle theories are the ______________ theory and the ______________ theory. (LO2)
During a very severe recession when more than 11 percent of the labor force is out of work, most of the unemployment is ______________ unemployment. (LO4)
The monthly unemployment rate reached a high of about ______________ percent in 2009. (LO4)
The misery index is found by adding the and the ______________ . (LO8)
The unemployment rate for blacks is about ______________ times the white unemployment rate. (LO4)
Between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s, our unemployment rate never dipped below ______________ percent. (LO4)
Liberals say the unemployment rate is actually than the BLS says it is; conservatives ______________ say it is really ______________. (LO4)
The monetary theory of the business cycle hypothesizes that recessions are set off when ______________and recoveries begin when the monetary authorities ______________. (LO2)
According to the inventory theory of the business cycle, a recession is set off when retailers ______________. (LO2)
Theories that place the cause of business cycles within the economy rather than outside are known as theories. (LO2)
The low point of a business cycle is the ______________; the high point is the ______________. (LO1)
In the year ______________ the OPEC nations quadrupled the price of oil. (LO7)
The upper turning point of a business cycle just before the onset of a recession is called the ______________. (LO1)
When the overall unemployment rate is 6.5 percent, the cyclical unemployment rate is ______________. (LO5)
A person who is functionally illiterate faces long periods of ______________ unemployment. (LO5)
To fi nd the unemployment rate we need to divide the ______________by the ______________. (LO4)
To fi nd the number of people in the labor force we need to add the ______________ and the ______________. (LO4)
Stagfl ation is a contraction of the words ______________ and ______________. (LO7)
The three worst recessions since World War II began in the years ______________, ______________, and ______________. (LO1)
In recent years, which one of the following has tended to push up our natural unemployment rate? (LO5)a) Our increasing disability rolesb) The quadrupling of our prison populationc) The rapid growth
Which would be the most accurate description of the six decades since the late 1940s compared to the eight decades preceding the 1940s? (LO1)a) The recessions were milder and the booms less
Which is the most accurate statement? (LO4, 8)a) The monthly rate of job creation during the administration of George W. Bush was faster than that during Bill Clinton’s administration.b) We need to
There are over 2 million Americans in prison. This tends to the offi cial unemployment rate. (LO5)a) raiseb) lowerc) have no effect on
The rate of job creation during the administration of George W. Bush has been . (LO5)a) relatively lowb) relatively highc) about average
During the mid-1980s, both Bolivia and Nicaragua experienced . (LO7)a) creeping infl ationc) disinfl ationb) hyperinfl ationd) defl ation
The 1996 Welfare Reform Act has pushed our unemployment rate; our high prison population has pushed our unemployment rate. (LO4 , 5 )a) up, upc) down, upb) down, downd) up, down
According to the Book of Genesis, Joseph may have been the fi rst person to . (LO3)a) forecast a business cycleb) collect unemployment insurance benefi tsc) formulate the misery indexd) differentiate
Most post-World War II recessions lasted less than. (LO1)a) three yearsc) one yearb) two yearsd) six months
Infl ationary recessions fi rst occurred in the. (LO6)a) 1950sc) 1970sb) 1960sd) 1980s
Businesspeople generally like a little but dislike a little . (LO7)a) infl ation, defl ationb) defl ation, infl ation
Creditors generally do better when infl ation is. (LO7)a) anticipatedb) unanticipatedc) neither anticipated nor unanticipated
Farmers have generally been by infl ation. (LO7)a) hurtb) helpedc) neither helped nor hurt
Traditionally, those hurt by infl ation have been. (LO7)a) creditors and people on fi xed incomesb) debtors and people on fi xed incomesc) debtors and creditors
The period of greatest price stability was. (LO6)a) 1950–56c) 1968–76b) 1958–64d) 1976–82
Infl ation generally occurs . (LO7)a) during wartimec) during recessionsb) before warsd) during peacetime
An example of defl ation since the base year would be a CPI in the current year of . (LO7)a) 90c) 110b) 100d) 200
When the unemployment rate goes above 5 percent, anything above that 5 percent level is. (LO5)a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Brad Peterson, a man in his mid-50s whose skills have become obsolete, would be . (LO5)\a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Austin Noorda, Mark Noorda, and Debbie Noorda are “between jobs.” They are . (LO5)a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Brian Horn, a factory worker who is laid off until business picks up again, is . (LO5)a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Sophia King, a homemaker returning to the labor market after an absence of 10 years and looking for work, is . (LO5)a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Ella Jillian Fosnough, an autoworker who is still out of work two years after her plant closed, is. (LO5)a) frictionally unemployedb) structurally unemployedc) cyclically unemployed
Which statement is false? (LO5)a) Over the last two decades there has been an upward drift in the unemployment rate.b) The unemployment rate for blacks is about twice that for whites.c) The offi cial
Which is the most accurate statement? (LO3)a) Business cycle forecasting dates back to biblical times.b) Business cycle forecasts are nearly always inaccurate.c) Business cycle forecasts are almost
Which statement is true? (LO4 , 5 )a) Both liberals and conservatives feel that the offi cial unemployment rate is too high.b) Both liberals and conservatives feel that the offi cial unemployment
If the number of unemployed stays the same and the number of people in the labor force rises,. (LO4)a) the unemployment rate will riseb) the unemployment rate will fallc) the unemployment rate will
The unemployment rate is computed by the. (LO4)a) nation’s unemployment insurance offi cesb) Bureau of Labor Statisticsc) Department of Commerced) Offi ce of Management and Budget
Which one of the following best describes a recession? (LO1 , 2 )a) A slowing of real GDP growthb) A rise in unemployment accompanied by a decline in total employmentc) A decline in real GDP for two
The Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research would most likely classify which one of the following as a recession? (LO3)a) A one-tenth of 1 percent decline in real
In 2025 the CPI rose 10 percent; in 2026 it rose 6 percent; and in 2027 it rose 2 percent. We could describe 2027 as a year of . (LO6)a) infl ationb) disinfl ationc) defl ation
An example of an exogenous business cycle theory would be . (LO2)a) overinvestmentc) moneyb) inventoryd) war
The second part of the expansion phase of the cycle is. (LO1)a) recoveryc) recessionb) prosperityd) depression
During business cycles . (LO1)a) troughs are followed by recessionsb) troughs are followed by peaksc) peaks are followed by troughsd) peaks are followed by recessions
We have business cycles of . (LO1)a) the same length and amplitudeb) the same length but different amplitudesc) the same amplitude but different lengthsd) different lengths and amplitudes
The last entire year we had full employment was. (LO4 , 8 )a) 1945c) 1969b) 1957d) 2007
The misery index was highest in which of these years? (LO8)a) 1960d) 1990b) 1970e) 2000c) 1980
During the 1970s, we experienced. (LO8)a) high infl ation and high unemploymentb) low infl ation and low unemploymentc) high infl ation and low unemploymentd) low infl ation and high unemployment
If there are 90 million people employed, 10 million unemployed, 5 million collecting unemployment insurance, and 5 million discouraged workers, there are in the labor force. (LO4)a) 90 milliond) 105
Which would be the most accurate statement? (LO7)a) Most business owners prefer defl ation to infl ation.b) In recent years Japan has suffered from defl ation.c) Defl ation is very likely in the
If the CPI rose from 100 to 500, the price level rose by . (LO6)a) 100 percentd) 400 percentb) 200 percente) 500 percentc) 300 percent Workbook for Chapter 10 Name Date
During the Great Depression most unemployment was . (LO5)a) frictionalc) cyclicalb) structurald) seasonal
If our economy is at full employment, the cyclical rate of unemployment would be . (LO4 , 5 )a) 0c) 5 percentb) 2 percentd) impossible to fi nd
In the three-phase business cycle, the prosperity phase is always followed immediately by. (LO1)a) recoveryc) depressionb) the troughd) recession
Disinfl ation generally occurs during. (LO6 , 7 )a) recessionsb) economic boomsc) periods of hyperinfl ationd) times of defl ation
If the CPI rose from 160.5 in 1998 to 168.7 in 1999 to 173.4 in 2000, this would be an example of. (LO6)a) defl ationb) disinfl ationc) infl ation
Web Activity: The Great Recession began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009.In what month and year did the unemployment rate peak? What was its peak rate?Go to www.bls.gov.
Web Activity: On the fi rst Friday of each month the Bureau of Labor Statistics announces the previous month’s unemployment rate. Go to www.bls.gov to fi nd last month’s unemployment rate.
Practical Application: How were you and your family affected by the recession of 2007–2009?
If we succeeded in setting up a computer-based national job bank with listings of virtually every job opening, what type of unemployment would this nearly eliminate?Explain how this would happen.
Explain the difference between defl ation and disinfl ation.
Right now, our economy is going through what phase of the business cycle? How do you know this?
Web Activity: Which country has the highest per capita GDP and which country has the lowest? Go to google.com and type in CIA GDP per capita, and then click on“The World Factbook—Country
Practical Application: Make a list of the dollar value of everything you consume during the next seven days. Then fi gure out the percentage that isn’t counted in our GDP.Don’t forget home-cooked
If you were comparing the economic well-being of two countries and had a choice of using one of the following four measures, which one would you choose and why would you choose it?a. GDPb. Real GDPc.
Explain how GDP is affected by the sale ofa. a new house.b. an hour session with a physical trainer.c. 1,000 shares of AT&T.d. an antique rolltop desk.
Under what circumstances could real GDP for a given year be greater than GDP for that same year? For example, if 2015 were the base year and 2016 were the current year, how could real GDP in 2016
GDP is not an ideal measure of national economic well-being. Make a list of all the things you would do to improve this concept. Include in your list the goods and services that GDP does not count.
If our GDP rose from 11,000 to 11,500, there could be a few different explanations.List each of these possibilities.
Suppose we want to compare this year’s GDP with those of previous years. As we go back in time—to 1980, to 1970, to 1960, and to still earlier years—what happens to the validity of these
The world’s biggest exporting nation is _____________. (LO6)
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