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business
fundamentals of corporate finance 10th
Questions and Answers of
Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance 10th
What are some different sources of gain from acquisitions?
Why can a merger create the appearance of earnings growth?
Why is diversification by itself not a good reason for a merger?
Why does the true cost of a stock acquisition depend on the gain from the merger?
What are some important factors in deciding whether to use equity or cash in an acquisition?
What can a firm do to make a takeover less likely?
What is a share rights plan? Explain how the rights work.
What does the evidence say about the benefits of mergers and acquisitions to target company shareholders?
What does the evidence say about the benefits of mergers and acquisitions to acquiring company shareholders?
What is an equity carve-out? Why might a firm wish to do one?
What is a split-up? Why might a firm choose to do one?
Merger Value and Cost Consider the following information for two all-equity firms, A and B:Firm AFirm BShares outstanding 2,000 6,000 Share price(£)40 30 Firm A estimates that the value of the
Mergers and EPS Consider the following information for two all-equity firms, A and B:Firm AFirm BTotal 3,000 1,000 earnings (€)Shares outstanding 600 400 Share price (€)70 15 Firm A is acquiring
Calculating Synergy Assume that ABC plc is planning to offer £30 billion cash for all of the equity in XYZ plc. Based on recent market information, XYZ is worth £20 billion as an independent
Balance Sheets for Mergers Consider the following premerger information about firm X and firm Y:Firm X Firm Y Total earnings(£)74,000 35,000 Shares outstanding 21,000 10,000 Per-share values:Market
Balance Sheets for Mergers Assume that the following balance sheets are stated at book value. Construct a postmerger balance sheet assuming that Reflection plc purchases Lhanger plc, and both sets of
Balance Sheets for Mergers Silver Enterprises has acquired All Gold Mining in a merger transaction. Construct the balance sheet for the new corporation. The following balance sheets represent the
Cash versus Equity Payment Fresnillo plc, the silver and gold mining firm, is analysing the possible acquisition of Weir Group plc, the Scottish-based engineering firm. Assume both firms have no
EPS, P/E and Mergers The shareholders of Flannery SA have voted in favour of a buyout offer from Stultz Corporation. Information about each firm is given here:Flannery Stultz Price–earnings ratio
Cash versus Equity as Payment Consider the following premerger information about a bidding firm (firm B) and a target firm (firm T). Assume that both firms have no debt outstanding.Firm B Firm
Cash versus Equity as Payment In Problem 22.7, are the shareholders of firm T better off with the cash offer or the equity offer? At what exchange ratio of B shares to T shares would the shareholders
Effects of a Share Exchange Consider the following premerger information about firm A and firm B:Firm Firm A B Total earnings (DKr)900 600 Shares outstanding 550 220 Price per share (DKr)40 15 Assume
Merger NPV Tazza is analysing the possible acquisition of Bichiery. Neither firm has debt. The forecasts of Tazza show that the purchases would increase its annual after-tax cash flow by £1.3
Merger NPV Farrods PLC has a market value of £800 million and 35 million shares outstanding. Redridge department store has a market value of £300 million and 25 million shares outstanding. Farrods
Calculating NPV Gentley plc and Rolls Manufacturing are considering a merger. The possible states of the economy and each company’s value in that state are shown here:State Probability Gentley
Economies of Scale Iberdrola, the Spanish electricity giant, has in recent years pursued an aggressive acquisition strategy throughout the world. Companies that have been acquired by the firm include
Bid Offers In 2012 a consortium of investors put forward a bid for the Rangers Football Club plc. The bid details were as follows: £5,000,000 in cash; cancellation of an existing Rangers debt worth
Merger Profit In Question 22.15, why do you think the bid was structured in this way? What are the benefits to the bidders? What are the benefits to the sellers?
Suppose Hybrid shareholders will agree to a merger price of €68.75 per share. Should Birdie proceed with the merger?
What is the highest price per share that Birdie should be willing to pay for Hybrid?
Suppose Birdie is unwilling to pay cash for the merger, but will consider an equity exchange. What exchange ratio would make the merger terms equivalent to the original merger price of €68.75 per
What is the highest exchange ratio Birdie would be willing to pay and still undertake the merger?
Why should financial managers choose the capital structure that maximizes the value of the firm?
What is the relationship between the WACC and the value of the firm?
What is an optimal capital structure?
What is the impact of financial leverage on shareholders?
What is homemade leverage?
Why is Autoveloce’s capital structure irrelevant?
What does M&M Proposition I state?
What are the three determinants of a firm’s cost of equity?
The total systematic risk of a firm’s equity has two parts. What are they?
What is the relationship between the value of an unlevered firm and the value of a levered firm once we consider the effect of corporate taxes?
What are direct bankruptcy costs?
What are indirect bankruptcy costs?
Explain what is meant by agency costs.
Can you describe the trade-off that defines the static theory of capital structure?
What are the important factors in making capital structure decisions?
What are some of the claims on a firm’s cash flows?
What is the difference between a marketed claim and a non-marketed claim?
What does the extended pie model say about the value of all the claims on a firm’s cash flows?
Under the pecking-order theory, what is the order in which firms will obtain financing?
Why might firms prefer not to issue new equity?
What are some differences in implications of the static and pecking-order theories?
Do European corporations rely heavily on debt financing?
What regularities do we observe in capital structures?
What is the APR?
EBIT and EPS Suppose Blackhead plc has decided in favour of a capital restructuring that involves increasing its existing £80 million in debt to £125 million. The interest rate on the debt is 9 per
M&M Proposition II (No Taxes) Habitat has a WACC of 16 per cent. Its cost of debt is 13 per cent. If Habitat’s debt–equity ratio is 2, what is its cost of equity capital? Ignore taxes in your
M&M Proposition I (with Corporate Taxes) Gypco expects an EBIT of €10,000 every year for ever.Gypco can borrow at 7 per cent. Suppose Gypco currently has no debt, and its cost of equity is 17 per
EBIT and Leverage Geld NV has no debt outstanding, and a total market value of €150,000. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be €14,000 if economic conditions are normal.
EBIT, Taxes and Leverage Repeat parts (a) and (b) in Problem 15.1 assuming Geld has a tax rate of 20 per cent.
M&M and Equity Value Jour de Pluie SA is comparing two different capital structures, an all-equity plan (Plan I)and a levered plan (Plan II). Under Plan I, Jour de Pluie would have 100,000 shares of
Break-Even EBIT and Leverage Kolby SpA is comparing two different capital structures. Plan I would result in 1,100 shares of equity and €16,500 in debt. Plan II would result in 900 shares of equity
Leverage and Share Value Ignoring taxes in Problem 15.4, what is the share price under Plan I? Plan II? What principle is illustrated by your answers?
M&M and Taxes In the previous problem, suppose the corporate tax rate is 28 per cent. What is EBIT in this case? What is the WACC? Explain.
ROE and Leverage Fresenius SE & Co has no debt outstanding and a total market value of €12.68 billion.Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be €2.56 billion if economic
Break-Even EBIT Hammerson plc is comparing two different capital structures: an all-equity plan (Plan I) and a levered plan (Plan II). Under Plan I, Hammerson would have 712 million shares of equity
Homemade Leverage Star plc, a prominent consumer products firm, is debating whether or not to convert its allequity capital structure to one that is 40 per cent debt.Currently there are 2,000 shares
Homemade Leverage and WACC Verpfändung AG and Zeit AG are identical firms in all respects except for their capital structure. Verpfändung is all equity financed, with€500,000 in equity shares.
Calculating WACC Weston Industries has a debt–equity ratio of 1.5. Its WACC is 12 per cent, and its cost of debt is 12 per cent. The corporate tax rate is 35 per cent.(a) What is Weston’s cost of
Calculating WACC Shadow plc has no debt, but can borrow at 8 per cent. The firm’s WACC is currently 12 per cent, and the tax rate is 28 per cent.(a) What is Shadow’s cost of equity?(b) If the
M&M and Taxes Bruce & Co. expects its EBIT to be£100,000 every year forever. The firm can borrow at 10 per cent. Bruce currently has no debt, and its cost of equity is 20 per cent. The tax rate is
M&M and Taxes Bruce & Co. expects its EBIT to be£95,000 every year forever. The firm can borrow at 11 per cent. Bruce currently has no debt, and its cost of equity is 22 per cent. Tax rate is 28 per
Firm Value Old School Corporation expects an EBIT of£9,000 every year forever. Old School currently has no debt, and its cost of equity is 17 per cent. The firm can borrow at 10 per cent. If the
Homemade Leverage The Veblen Company and the Knight Company are identical in every respect except that Veblen is not levered. The market value of Knight Company’s 6 per cent bonds is SKr1 million.
Shareholder Risk Suppose a firm’s business operations are such that they mirror movements in the economy as a whole very closely: that is, the firm’s asset beta is 1.0. Use the result of Problem
If Stephenson wishes to maximize its total market value, would you recommend that it issue debt or equity to finance the land purchase?Explain.
Construct Stephenson’s market value balance sheet before it announces the purchase.
Suppose Stephenson decides to issue equity to finance the purchase.(a) What is the net present value of the project?(b) Construct Stephenson’s market value balance sheet after it announces that the
Suppose Stephenson decides to issue debt to finance the purchase.(a) What will the market value of the Stephenson company be if the purchase is financed with debt?(b) Construct Stephenson’s market
Which method of financing maximizes the per-share price of Stephenson’s equity?
What is the net present value rule?
If we say an investment has an NPV of €1,000, what exactly do we mean?
In words, what is the payback period? The payback period rule?
Why do we say that the payback period is, in a sense, an accounting break-even measure?
In words, what is the discounted payback period? Why do we say it is, in a sense, a financial or economic break-even measure?
What advantage(s) does the discounted payback have over the ordinary payback?
What is an average accounting rate of return (AAR)?
What are the weaknesses of the AAR rule?
Under what circumstances will the IRR and NPV rules lead to the same accept–reject decisions? When might they conflict?
Is it generally true that an advantage of the IRR rule over the NPV rule is that we don’t need to know the required return to use the IRR rule?
What does the profitability index measure?
How would you state the profitability index rule?
What are the most commonly used capital budgeting procedures?
If NPV is conceptually the best procedure for capital budgeting, why do you think multiple measures are used in practice?
Investment Criteria This problem will give you some practice calculating NPVs and paybacks. A proposed overseas expansion has the following cash flows:Year Cash flow (£)0 –200 1 50 2 60 3 70 4 200
Mutually Exclusive Investments Consider the following two mutually exclusive investments.Calculate the IRR for each, and the crossover rate.Under what circumstances will the IRR and NPV criteria rank
Average Accounting Return You are looking at a three-year project with a projected net income of€2,000 in year 1, €4,000 in year 2, and €6,000 in year 3.The cost is €12,000, which will be
Calculating Payback What is the payback period for this project?Year Cash flow (€)0 –45,000 1 35,000 2 15,000 3 5,000
Payback Your company has identified a project that will cost £15 million to initiate, have start-up costs of £2 million in year 1 and provide a net cash flow of £5 million per year for 6 years. If
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