Questions and Answers of Fundamentals Of Statistics

Open the data set 1_3_17 from www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats. The data set represents a list of every high school in the city of Chicago. Suppose you wish to conduct a survey of all the
One of the most difficult tasks of surveying is phrasing questions so that they are not misunderstood. In addition, questions must be phrased so that the researcher obtains answers that allow for
What is a frame?
Define each of the following.(a) Response variable(b) Variable(c) Qualitative variable(d) Quantitative variable(e) Observational study(f) Designed experiment(g) Confounding(h) Lurking variable
Match each word or phrase with its definition. Word/Phrase (a) Designed Experiment (b) Observational Study (c) Lurking Variable Definition I. Occurs when the effects of two or more explanatory
Match each type of study to its definition. Word (a) Cohort Study (b) Cross-sectional Study (c) Case-control Study Definition I. Studies that are retrospective, meaning they require the researcher to
Define simple random sampling.
Match each word or phrase to the definition. Word/Phrase (a) Bias (b) Sampling Bias (c) Nonresponse Bias (d) Response Bias Definition I. When the techniques used to select individuals to be in the
Explain the difference between a single-blind and a double-blind experiment.
Video game rating system by the Entertainment Software Rating Board 1EC, E, E10+, T, M, AO, RP2In Problems determine if the variable is qualitative or quantitative. If the variable is quantitative,
A coach must select two players to serve as captains. He wants to randomly select two players to be the captains. Obtain a simple random sample of size 2 from the following list: Mady, Breanne, Evin,
A pollster asks 800 adult Americans whether the gap between the rich and poor will grow or shrink over the next 30 years.
Brand name of a pair of running shoes.
Does the shape of a glass play a role in determining the amount of time it takes to finish the drink? Researchers identified 159 male and female self-professed social drinkers. One week the subjects
Consider the following two questions:(a) Currently, social media companies, such as Facebook, profit by selling user data. Do you believe the government should regulate the ability of social media
Explain the difference between a lurking variable and a confounding variable.
Many national polls are based on random-digit dialing (RDD). In this method, a computer randomly generates a phone number in the hopes of reaching an individual at his/her residence. In
Researchers wanted to determine whether there is an association between mobile phone use and body mass index. To do so, 105,028 men and women aged 18 years or over from the United Kingdom were
According to Martin Boon of ICM Limited, a polling firm in Britain, in 1995 it took 3000 to 4000 phone calls to obtain a sample of size 2000. Today, it takes over 30,000 calls. To reduce costs, more
In an infamous study, researchers suggested that left-handed individuals died younger than right-handed individuals. In the study, researchers identified 987 individuals who died in 1990 and then
Name three ways that web scraping can be used to obtain data.
During every election, pollsters conduct exit interviews to help determine which candidate people voted for. During the 2016 presidential election, exit polls under-sampled the number of voters
Discuss the ethics behind scraping data from the Internet. In particular, answer the following questions. What is the responsibility of the website host to protect your information (data)? What are
In May 2020, the biotechnology company Novavax began human trials of its Covid-19 vaccine. The Phase I trial was a placebo-controlled, observer-blinded design. Most clinical trials go through five
Research the link between the release of dopamine and the placebo effect.
The following information relates to the 2019 model year product line of BMW automobiles. Model 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 7 Series X3 ZA Body Style Sedan Coupe Sedan Sedan Sport utility Roadster
Treatments may be a combination of factors rather than a single factor. For example, suppose we want to investigate the role of diet and drugs in weight loss. Suppose we have three diet plans (a
What is the role of randomization in a designed experiment? If you were conducting a completely randomized design with four treatments and 100 experimental units, describe how you would randomly
What are some solutions to nonresponse?
The data set“Tornadoes_2017” located at www.pearsonhighered.com/ Sullivan starts contains a variety of variables that were measured for all tornadoes in the United States in 2017. For each of the
The data set“Tornadoes_2017” located at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats contains a variety of variables that were measured for all tornadoes in the United States in 2017. For each of the
Explain the difference between a population and a sample.
Contrast the differences between qualitative and quantitative variables. Discuss the differences between discrete and continuous variables
In your own words, define the four levels of measurement of a variable. Give an example of each.
Explain how the following graph is misleading. January February March April May June July August September October November December 14 11 Number of Attacks 50 49 44 62 61 73 72 84 100 103 150
Explain the process of statistics.
The graph shows the ratings on Yelp for Hot Doug’s Restaurant.(a) Which was the most popular rating for Hot Doug’s?(b) How many ratings were posted on Hot Doug’s?(c) How many more 5 Star
Define raw data in your own words.
You work for the school newspaper. Your editor approaches you with a special reporting assignment. Your task is to write an article that describes the “typical” student at your school, complete
The following is a USA Today–type graph.(a) Explain how it is misleading.(b) What could be done to improve the graphic? Beer Steps Needed to Burn Calories 12 oz.heer 3,220 Soda 12 oz.
The graph shows the median income for females from 2010 to 2017 in constant 2017 dollars.(a) How is the graph misleading? What does the graph seem to convey?(b) Redraw the graph so that it is not
The following frequency distribution represents the cause of death in homicides for a random sample of homicides.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(b) Construct a relative frequency bar
The frequency distribution on the following page represents the number of live births (in thousands) in the United States in 2016 by age of mother.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(b)
The following relative frequency histogram represents the proportion of employed people aged 15–74 years old who are members of a union.(a) Describe how this graph is misleading. What might a

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