Assume that a witness is being questioned about statements she heard a third party make. Which of the following statements would qualify as excep tions to the hearsay rule? Identify the reason for each exception.

a. The third party exclaimed, “Watch out, he’s not stopping at the red light!”

b. Following a car accident, the third party apolo gized to the driver of the vehicle she hit, saying,

“Are you all right? I am so sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.”

c. Just before he died, the third party said, “Make sure you find Joe. He is the one who shot me. Tom didn’t have anything to do with this.”

d. The third party stated, “I smell gas fumes!”