Lrslk lkndu, professor of I.awa l yrncusr: Univcnicy1 b11Sw ritten about thetthic of arc :md how it might l'l':frn.mct. he J;awo f nq;Hgence.l ruttad of 1hr traditional tort

.standard thal me:a ures whclher a defendant has beh.aved "reasonably. or prudently b,·g u•rdlng aga,nsi foreseeableh ar111s,h"

wh

and the first casr in tllis chaplrr, Ym1ia v. Bigan, Bendu woukl ha\·e \L"i look :1t Vania.

lhc "drowning $1nngcr; In lhc light qf 1his "ntw leg.al p

nol,o,,. of caring. rcsponslbilltyl.n tcrcono«tednc,so nd coop,m1lon.w• 1,., """'"'

now. ht writes. U th11."ts omcoM, 11h um.a1 ,b clng. .t piirl of us. ls drownfog .:1ndw dl dk wilhout "'""" affirnmlve a

Tht dro111'""l't8m ,tgrr ..• "o dHht /,.a;p ,topl.rt iAJoc a~ abm1tl 111n-r11rr111s1p.o ,,ff,

,hll,lrtn, frknd,, colfrugruJ: g,011pJ ltt par1k,pMtl ln-rtllglov,. ,od.il, .irr.ltr,,.

,irtlftk, poll.r.icatld, urntlotial. ~W'k-rda.rl.'dlw;. ,nayt \'ffl r...1\'Cp' ttJpk~ --IJdot prt1d 11p,o11 l!J,nf or ,-,..,r.iot1t1olr f lraa.r,ri4~1,Jp port. ,-,fts bJttrco,w«ttd with oclr~n.l.f lht stn:m~r drow11Jm, any 111,b•ttl lh QtmtJ •.•.W ht-,ro ur l~gi,l1 ystt-1N ;,a1111u s to undl'Ntd,rd 1h1 Jrownmg un,ngn .uory11a, !Jntlltd t-wlHb t-1t11vrmw ap coplt~b t>tlor f Miil1or,1/ 1.nir' fol a

(It, al lruJt (qilidly 1t'Qrdl pr-rdirJg_. arJd v;/1tn tJ~ s«iaJ rnn,if,tatJOns ,.,.. u(dd n1(1J, Oil' '"" ,mpo,1,1on°, " ~l'JOII .. , ,,~.,.,, of m'tio,,. -~ taJ:,r" hi,mm, flhMIJ(m ,mJ tnm ..

'"'' if mro a ,o.td,d rh.,-mA,.l:.tda fiitl,mKr qJ.1t1IHfw"~ ,k ·, 1h0111"y" ' ,,Ill-mgf lbour lrwt1u-nJ Nlll or gr.n.'pt hyskall rumu .,,.,t,lrJ~ ,r m'<'.rbtmtirigC ONcqllOKnu.

,.,APrim«oJFl!minhtThtoryAl'JdTort.,"Jo,,,nw.,LLg,at~a;teanJa,1 p.l Low, Ethics, & 8u1.lnen 47 S.nd

text o( the: situ:at:ion. in lin~ with the l'thic or earl'. How ·would a ru1l' likr this h:a,'t'

pla.)'cd oul in Yania? Whal might Bigan's duty have bcc.n? Whal arc the-pros and cons or odoptlng ,u h • rul• In otherc ow whore ,cddeniol harm Is not diffi!tl)u' used by d('(cnda.nts?

AppendixLO1