All Matches

Solution Library

Expert Answer

Textbooks

Search Textbook questions, tutors and Books

Oops, something went wrong!

Change your search query and then try again

Result Not Found

Books FREE
Tutors
Study Help
Hire a Tutor
AI Study Help New

Search
Sign In
Register

study help
business
natural resource economics

Questions and Answers of Natural Resource Economics

In Mark A. Cohen, “The Costs and Benefits of Oil Spill Prevention and Enforcement,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Vol. 13 (June 1986), an attempt was made to quantify the
Certain environmental laws prohibit the EPA from considering the costs of meeting various standards when the levels of the standards are set. Is this a good example of appropriately prioritizing
Consider the role of discount rates in problems involving long time horizons such as climate change. Suppose that a particular emissions abatement strategy would result in a $500 billion reduction in
If the marginal costs of each removal method are, respectively, $10q1, $5q2, and $2.5q3, how much of each method should you use to achieve the removal cost-effectively?b. Why isn’t an exclusive use
a. Suppose you want to remove ten fish of an exotic species that have illegally been introduced to a lake. You have three possible removal methods. Assume that q1, q2, and q3 are, respectively, the
Suppose a proposed public policy could result in three possible outcomes: (1) present value of net benefits of $4,000,000, (2) present value of net benefits of $1,000,000, or (3) present value of net
The social cost of carbon (SCC) is an important measure of the present value of damages of an additional ton of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Why might the shape of the damage function matter for
Was the executive order issued by President George W. Bush mandating a heavier use of benefit-cost analysis in regulatory rule making a step toward establishing a more rational regulatory structure,
Is risk-neutrality an appropriate assumption for benefit-cost analysis? Why or why not? Does it seem more appropriate for some environmental problems than others? If so, which ones? If you were
Identify whether each of the following resource categories is a public good, a common-pool resource, or neither and defend your answer:a. A pod of whales in the ocean to whale hunters.b. A pod of
Label each of the following propositions as descriptive or normative and defend your choice:a. Energy efficiency programs have created jobs.b. Money spent on protecting endangered species is
Suppose you were asked to comment on a proposed policy to control oil spills. Since the average cost of an oil spill has been computed as $X, the proposed policy would require any firm responsible
Suppose the market demand function (expressed in dollars) for a normal product is P = 80 – q, and the marginal cost (in dollars) of producing it is MC = 1q, where P is the price of the product and
Suppose the state is trying to decide how many miles of a very scenic river it should preserve. There are 100 people in the community, each of whom has an identical inverse demand function given by P
Recently some new markets have emerged that focus on the sharing of durable goods among a wider circle of users. Examples include Airbnb and Uber. The rise of these sharing markets may well have an
In his book Thank you for Being Late: An Optimist’s Guide to Thriving in the Age of Accelerations, Thomas L. Friedman documents how the digital revolution is fundamentally changing life as we have
How specifically might the interdependence of the water accessibility and climate change challenges affect the design of policies enacted to meet these challenges? Give some specific examples of how
Which point of view (optimistic or pessimistic) do you find more compelling? Why? What logic or evidence do you find most supportive of that position?
This chapter describes two views of the future. Since the validity of these views cannot be completely tested until the time-period of concern has passed (so that predictions can be matched against
In his book The Ultimate Resource, economist Julian Simon makes the point that calling the resource base “finite” is misleading. To illustrate this point, he uses a yardstick, with its one-inch
In thinking about the appropriate balance between the market and the government in achieving sustainability, do you think the government needs to take a stronger role or would you favor reducing
Suppose the United States imposed a tariff on imported sugar. What are the consequences of this on consumers, domestic and foreign producers, and land use?
If a natural disaster, such as the 2010 drought in Russia, hits food production, use supply and demand analysis to figure out how this affects consumers and producers. Does everyone lose or are some
Because export taxes are frequently seen as falling on foreign consumers, they tend to be favored as revenue sources by many countries. What assumptions are necessary for export taxes to be borne
Suppose someone developed a high-quality synthetic ivory that could be used in products currently made from natural ivory. What effect might a legal trade in synthetic ivory have on the price of
“Future generations can cast neither votes in current elections nor dollars in current market decisions. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise to anyone that the interests of future
“Every molecule of a nonrenewable energy resource used today precludes its use by future generations. Therefore, the only morally defensible policy for any generation is to use only renewable
Consider a possible mechanism for controlling population. According to an idea first put forth by Kenneth Boulding in 1964, each individual would be given the right to produce one (and only one!)
Is informing the consumer about any toxic substances used in the manufacture of a product sufficient to produce an efficient level of toxic substance use for that product?Why or why not?
Firms whose economic activity might pose an environmental risk are sometimes required to post performance bonds before the activity is allowed to commence. The amount of the required bond would be
How should the public sector handle a toxic gas, such as radon, that occurs naturally and seeps into some houses through the basement or the water supply? Is this a case of an externality? Does the
Would the export of hazardous waste to developing countries be efficient? Sometimes?Always? Never? Would it be moral? Sometimes? Always? Never? Make clear the specific reasons for your judgments.
Over the last several decades in product liability law, there has been a movement in the court system from caveat emptor (“buyer beware”) to caveat venditor (“seller beware”).The liability
Did the courts resolve the dilemma posed in Example 19.2 correctly in your opinion?Why or why not?
Suppose you have three production facilities that are polluting a river. Each emits ten units of pollution. Their marginal cost functions for reducing emissions are, respectively, MC1 = $3, MC2 = $4,
Consider the situation posed in Problem 1(a) in Chapter 14.a. Compute the allocation that would result if ten tradable effluent permits were given to the second source and nine were given to the
The Deepwater Horizon “BP” oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest spill in U.S.history. How do natural resource damage assessments such as the one presented in Example 18.4 help decision
“In exercising its responsibility to protect the nation’s drinking water, the government needs to intervene only in the case of public-water supplies. Private-water supplies will be adequately
“The only permanent solution to water pollution control will occur when all production by-products are routinely recycled. The zero-discharge goal recognizes this reality and forces all dischargers
In negotiations over a public good such as a greenhouse gas emissions reduction, a cooperative agreement always produces higher aggregate benefits than a noncooperative agreement so cooperation will
Suppose two countries with domestic cap-and-trade polices are considering linking their two systems. Country A has a cap of 20 tons of emissions, a domestic marginal cost of abatement of $10 and an
Label the following as true, false, or uncertain, and explain your choice. (Uncertain means that it can be either true or false depending upon the circumstances.)a. The imposition of a tax on
The revenues from an emissions-charge approach to controlling climate change would be unusually large in comparison to other pollutants. What circumstances would lead to high revenues?
Explain why a climate policy using emissions-charge revenue to provide capital and operating subsidies for carbon capture technologies is less cost-effective than an emissionscharge policy alone.
What is your national, regional, or state government doing about climate change? Has it adopted a form of carbon pricing? If so, how is it working out? Is anyone working on an adaptation plan in your
Concerned individuals can now seek to reduce their carbon footprint by buying offsets.Air travelers, for example, are now asked if they wish to purchase offsets when they buy their ticket. Is this a
a. If a pay-as-you-drive insurance program is being implemented to cope with automobile-related externalities associated with driving, what factors should be considered in setting the premium?b.
Suppose the nation wished to reduce gasoline consumption not only to promote national security, but also to reduce the threats from climate change.a. How effective is a strategy relying on the
“While gasoline taxes and fuel economy standards can both be effective in increasing the number of miles per gallon in new vehicles, gasoline taxes are superior means of reducing emissions from the
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an increase in the gasoline tax to move road transport decisions toward both efficiency and sustainability?
When a threshold concentration is used as the basis for pollution control, as it is for air pollution, one possibility for meeting the threshold at minimum cost is to spread the emissions out over
Suppose in an emissions trading system the permits are allocated free of charge to emitters on the basis of how much they have historically emitted. Can that allocation be consistent with
Would imposing the same tax rate on every unit of emissions normally be expected to yield a cost-effective allocation of pollution control responsibility? Does your answer depend on whether the
In a region that must reduce emissions, three polluters currently emit 30 units of emissions.The three firms have the following marginal abatement cost functions that describe how marginal costs vary
Assume that the control authority wanted to reach its objective in 1 by using an emissions charge system.a. What per-unit charge should be imposed?b. How much revenue would the control authority
Two firms can control emissions at the following marginal costs: MC1 = $200q1, MC2 =$100q2, where q1 and q2 are, respectively, the amount of emissions reduced by the first and second firms. Assume
In his book What Price Incentives?, Steven Kelman suggests that from an ethical point of view, the use of economic incentives (such as emissions charges or emissions trading) in environmental policy
Suppose that a fishery has two sectors: (1) a commercial fishery that harvests fish to sell them to a processor, and (2) a recreational fishery where boat captains take individuals out to catch some
Several of the policy options discussed in this chapter rely on transferable entitlements of one kind or another. The prominence of these approaches raises the question of what transferability adds
One approach to protecting ecosystem services involves dedicating specific habitat to wildlife (such as parks or reserves), a strategy that prohibits residential development in those areas. Other
In 2016, Outside Magazine ran an obituary for the Great Barrier Reef in Australia (www.outsideonline.com/2112086/obituary-great-barrier-reef-25-million-bc-2016). It was meant to be in part a spoof,
Consider the issues raised by the debate over using ecotourism to promote sustainability.What is your view? Is ecotourism always a pathway to sustainability? Never a pathway to sustainability?
Consider the issues raised by the debate over Equador’s proposal to preserve the Yasuni National Park from oil extraction. What is your view? Is this simply another payment for ecosystem services
Suppose that a particular fishery experiences a technological change such that the fixed cost of fishing increases, but the marginal cost of fishing decreases. The change is such that the before and
a. In the typical economic model of an efficient fishery, would a fall in the price of fish generally result in a larger or a smaller sustainable harvest? Why?b. Suppose the fishery allowed free
When trying to reduce the degree of inefficiency from an open-access fishery, would a regulation that increases the marginal cost of fishing effort by banning certain types of gear or a tax on effort
In the economic model of the fishery developed in this chapter, compare the effect on fishing effort of an increase in cost of a fishing license with an increase in a per-unit tax on fishing effort
Assume that a local fisheries council imposes an enforceable quota of 100 tons of fish on a particular fishing ground for one year. Assume further that 100 tons per year is the efficient sustained
Assume that the relationship between the growth of a fish population and the population size can be expressed as g = 4P – 0.1P2, where g is the growth in tons and P is the size of the population
With discounting it is possible for the efficient fish population to fall below the level required to produce the maximum sustained yield. Does this violate the sustainability criterion? Why or why
Is the establishment of the 200-mile limit a sufficient form of government intervention to ensure that the tragedy of the commons does not occur for fisheries within the 200-mile limit? Why or why
Compare forest certification and the certification of organic produce in terms of the relative degree to which each type of certification could, by itself, be expected to produce an efficient outcome.
As our energy structure transitions toward renewable fuels, forest-based biomass fuels benefit from this transition. What are the likely effects of this transition on consumers, producers, and the
In Table 11.1, when r = 0.02, the present value of the cost rises for 68 years and then subsequently declines. Why?
Suppose there are two identical forest plots except that one will be harvested and left to regrow while the second will be cleared after the harvest and turned into a housing development. In terms of
In his book The Federal Land Revisited, Marion Clawson proposed what he called the“pullback concept”:Under the pullback concept any person or group could apply, under applicable law, for a tract
Increasingly sophisticated communications technology is allowing more people to work at home. What effect do you think this might have on land-use patterns, specifically the density of residential
In the United States, the production of ethanol fuel from corn is subsidized. Use bid rent function analysis to suggest what effects this subsidy might be expected to have on land use.
Changing demographics can also effect changes in land use. In the United States, the proportion of the population in the 65-and-older age bracket is growing. What effects might this have on the
Suppose a state was trying to decide whether to fund primary and secondary education with either a property tax or an income tax. What implications might this choice have for land use in the state?
With respect to strategies used by land conservation groups to preserve land, conservation easements seem to be expanding more rapidly than buying land for preservation. In what respect might
Suppose a city finds that its express highways into the city are congested and is considering two remedies: (1) imposing a congestion charge on all users of its expressways during the peak periods
Air pollution officials in California’s Central Valley have opened a new front in the war against urban sprawl, and regulators and environmental advocates throughout the state are watching closely.
Water is an essential resource. For that reason moral considerations exert considerable pressure to assure that everyone has access to at least enough water to survive. Yet it appears that equity and
One major concern about the future is that water scarcity will grow, particularly in arid regions where precipitation levels may be reduced by climate change. Will our institutions provide for an
Suppose that in a particular area the consumption of water varies tremendously throughout the year, with average household summer use exceeding winter use by a great deal. What effect would this have
Suppose you come from a part of the world that is blessed with abundant water. Demand never comes close to the available amount. Should you be careful about the amount you use or should you simply
What pricing system is used to price the water you use at your college or university?Does this pricing system affect your behavior about water use (length of showers etc.)?How? Could you recommend a
Suppose a town concludes that it costs on average $30.00 per household to manage the disposal of the waste generated by households each year. It is debating two strategies for funding this cost: (1)
When the government allows private firms to extract minerals offshore or on public lands, two common means of sharing in the profits are bonus bidding and production royalties.The former awards the
Suppose a product can be produced using virgin ore at a marginal cost given by MC1= 0.5q1 and with recycled materials at a marginal cost given by MC2 = 5 + 0.1q2. (a) If the inverse demand curve were
What are the income-distribution consequences of “fashion”? Can the need to be seen driving a new car by the rich be a boon to those with lower incomes who will ultimately purchase a better,
Many areas have attempted to increase the amount of recycled waste lubricating oil by requiring service stations to serve as collection centers or by instituting deposit-refund systems. On what
Glass bottles can be either recycled (crushed and re-melted) or reused. The market will tend to choose the cheapest path. Which factors will tend to affect the relative cost of these options? Is the
Electric heat pumps are technologies that in the right circumstances can be cost-effective sources of heating. In a cold climate they frequently complement more typical energy sources such as oil or
a. Some new technologies, such as LED light bulbs, have the characteristic that they cost more to purchase than more conventional incandescent alternatives, but they save energy. How could you use
Using Figure 7.2, show how the level of oil imports and the price level would be affected if the country represented in that figure acted to internalize national security issues, but ignored climate
Label the following as true, false, or uncertain and explain your choice. (Uncertain means that it can be either true or false depending upon the circumstances.)a. All members of a resource cartel
Peaking plants, those that are only called into service during times of peak demand, are typically cheaper to build (compared to base-load plants, which operate all of the time), but have relatively
Some time ago, a conflict between a paper company and a coalition of environmental groups arose over the potential use of a Maine river for hydroelectric power generation.As one aspect of its case

Showing 2400 - 2500 of 2541

First
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Services

Sitemap
Fun
Definitions
Become Tutor
Study Help Categories
Recent Questions
Expert Questions

Company Info

Security
Copyrights
Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
SolutionInn Fee
Scholarship

Get In Touch

About Us
Contact Us
Career
Jobs
FAQ
Campus Ambassador

Secure Payment

Download Our App

© 2024 SolutionInn. All Rights Reserved