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regression analysis

Questions and Answers of Regression Analysis

What is sampling bias? Give an example. What generally causes it?What problem is it likely to cause?
What is sampling error and how does it arise in a statistical study?What causes sampling error?
Define and give examples of the four levels of data measurement. Why can you not mathematically manipulate the first two types?
Distinguish between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics as to their general purpose. Explain how each type might be performed.Give your own original examples.
What is the difference between cross-sectional data and time series data? Give your own original examples.
What is meant by a sufficient estimator? Do you think the sample mean is a sufficient estimator of the population mean? Explain your answer.
Discuss why you think it's important for an estimator to be efficient.
What does it mean for an estimator to be consistent? Why do you think this is important and what does it have to do with the variation in the value of the estimate?
Explain in your own words why the modeling procedure discussed in the chapter can be called ordinary least squares. Use all pertinent graphical work in your response.
What is meant by the statement, “the sums of the errors is zero”? Use all pertinent graphical work in your response.
What is meant by “residual” in reference to the OLS model? Use all pertinent graphical work in your response.
What is the standard error of the estimate?A. What does it have to do with the concept of homoscedasticity?Explain what is meant by homoscedasticity. Use all pertinent graphical work in your
What is the coefficient of determination? What does it measure? How can it be used as a measure of goodness of fit? Use all pertinent graphical work in your response.
Discuss each of the properties and assumptions of the OLS model.What is the difference between a property and an assumption? Use all pertinent graphical work in your response.
Explain the Gauss-Markov Theorem. How does the acronym BLUE relate to it? Explain each of the terms.
A model is reported to be Y= 15.364 + 2.54X. Estimate Y if X= 37. Can you be assured that Y will be the amount you calculated? What connotation does E(Y|X= 37) have in this model?
Basic Keynesian theory postulated by the noted British economist John Maynard Keynes in his famous book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936, holds that
Over a period of several years a local school district in Illinois followed their students through high school, college, and graduate school to determine the impact of education on lifetime earnings.
The raw data for the returns of U.S. treasury bonds and treasury bills were obtained from the Federal Reserve database in St. Louis (FRED).The treasury bill rate is a three-month rate and the
Economic data for best-and-worst state economies for several states are shown below. Due to the large numbers, which are difficult to compute by hand, enter the data into an Excel, Minitab, PASW, or
Data for the year 2010 for 10 countries are shown in the table below.Population is in millions of people; debt and GDP is measured in trillions of U.S. dollars.Population data from
Economic theory holds that the demand for different goods and services respond in dissimilar fashion to changes in consumers' incomes. Inferior goods are those that consumers purchase only because
Financial theory holds that there is a direct relationship between the risk associated with an investment and the rate of return it generates.Data for several heavily traded stocks on the organized
For over a decade, The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation, Washington's preeminent think tank, have tracked the march of economic freedom around the world with the influential Index of
Explain what is meant by degrees of freedom. Give your own example.
Why is the standard error of the conditional mean smaller than the standard error of the predictive interval? Explain conceptually as well as in terms of the equations.
What is the difference between the interval estimate for the conditional mean and the predictive interval? Under what conditions would you choose to estimate one as opposed to the other? Give
Why is the p-value the lowest level of significance you can set and still reject the null? Use a graph to fully explain.
Why does a low p-value indicate that your findings carry a higher level of significance?
What is the relationship between the alpha-value of a hypothesis test and the p-value?
If the regression coefficient is negative will the correlation coefficient always be negative? Explain your answer.
What does the standard error of the correlation coefficient measure?Why is it called a standard error?
What does it mean to say your findings are statistically significant?
Will the interval estimate for the conditional mean be wider or narrower than that for the predictive interval under the same conditions? Explain your answer.
If the interval estimate for the regression coefficient contains zero will the hypothesis test for its significance be rejected or not rejected? Why did you answer the way you did?
Given a level of significance at which a hypothesis is to be tested will the Do Not Reject region be wider or narrower using a Z-test or a ttest?Explain.
Given a level of confidence, will an interval estimate be wider or narrower if you use a Z-value or a t-value? Explain.
Why is the decision rule in a hypothesis test a “good rule to follow”?Answer in terms of probabilities.
Why is the alpha-value of a hypothesis test the probability of committing a Type I error? Use a graph to fully explain.
Under what conditions must you use Gosset's t-test?
Why can the Z-distribution be used in the event of “large” samples?
If a coefficient is not significant at the 5% level will it be significant at the 1% level? Prove your answer with the necessary graphical work.
In the effort to improve gas mileage in their vehicles a domestic carmaker collected data on the weight in pounds (000s) and miles driven per gallon of fuel.a. Compute the model. Which do you
The Environmental Protection Agency examined the impact of farming activities on water contamination in 43 localities throughout the Southeast. The tonnage of chemicals introduced by corporate farms
The National Association of Bankers completed a study of the impact of personal savings on mortgage rates in 14 states. Per capita savings in $1,000 was used as an independent variable. The results
Professor Phil Grant at Husson University in Bangor, Maine has spent much of his professional life studying the levels and determinants of employee motivation and satisfaction. In his compelling
As gas emissions from power plants around the world become an increasing threat to the environment, international agencies are examining the effect of carbon dioxide levels on smog concentration in
Founded in 1973, The Heritage Foundation is a research and educational institute with the mission to promote economic freedom and free enterprise. The Foundation provides a ranking of nations
The standard Keynesian consumption function presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 opus, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, holds that a consumer's
In 1939 the British economist John Hicks published his noted work, Value and Capital, describing what today serves as a foundational principle in neoclassical economics dealing with the theory of
The neoclassical economic theory behind supply functions holds that the price of a commodity is a direct function of the quantity available for sale. A study by the Quantitative Decision Analysis
Realtors in a large Midwestern town wish to base rents on apartment size. In order to devise a principle upon which to determine rents they surveyed 150 rentals. Regressing rents on square footage
AskMen.com published statistics on the richest sports organizations in the world showing the market value and the revenues in millions of dollars in a recent calendar year. A sample taken from that
As international economic conditions worsen, ski resorts across Europe begin to notice a drop in the number of downhill racers who spend weekends and vacations on the slopes. A study covering 89
Shipping errors at El Dorado International have become a source of unquestioned severity. Management is considering a training program for employees who are guilty of such incompetence. However, the
Consider the following model to estimate the effect of college quality on the natural logarithm of income (among a sample of 40-year-old college graduates): a. Describe why there could be
Suppose that some researchers regressed, for graduating high-school seniors, “high-school-GPA” on “tablet-use-in-high-school” and found an insignificant estimate on “tablet-use.” What are
Based on the available evidence, is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?
For an analysis of how meditation affects the number of hours a person sleeps, give an example of at least one source of good variation and at least one source of bad variation.
Which of the following control variables would be more likely to cause bias due to being a mediating factor for estimating the effect of class size on 6th-grade student math achievement? What would
A research finding was recently given on one of those “health-advice” radio shows: “Those who are more optimistic at the start of a week have a better week.” The host then said that you can
Suppose that a study used self-reported consumption of potato chips and overall health index score from self-reported health measures to estimate how potato-chip consumption affected health. a. Why
Is the hot hand in basketball a real phenomenon?
Identify the regression objective of the following research questions (from the four options of estimating causal effects, forecasting/predicting an outcome, determining predictors of an outcome, and
Set up a notional model of a research issue you choose and draw a chart similar to Figure 4.7a, that has:Data in Figure 4.7a(a) At least one mediating factor that should not be controlled for
What is the estimated odds ratio on momhs from the logit model? Interpret this odds ratio and the corresponding marginal effect for momhs from the logit model in #1.
What is the estimated odds ratio on momhs from the logit model? Interpret this odds ratio and the corresponding marginal effect for momhs from the logit model in #1.
Identify the regression objective of the following research questions (from the four options of estimating causal effects, forecasting/predicting an outcome, determining predictors of an outcome, and
Is the hot hand in basketball a real phenomenon?
Suppose that a study used self-reported consumption of potato chips and overall health index score from self-reported health measures to estimate how potato-chip consumption affected health. a. Why
A research finding was recently given on one of those “health-advice” radio shows: “Those who are more optimistic at the start of a week have a better week.” The host then said that you can
Which of the following control variables would be more likely to cause bias due to being a mediating factor for estimating the effect of class size on 6th-grade student math achievement? What would
Which of these is more likely to suffer from self-selection bias? Explain and give the likely direction of the bias.1: Estimating how participating in a voluntary meditation program affects an 11th
For an analysis of how meditation affects the number of hours a person sleeps, give an example of at least one source of good variation and at least one source of bad variation.
Based on the available evidence, is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?
Consider the following model to estimate the effect of college quality on the natural logarithm of income (among a sample of 40-year-old college graduates): a. Describe why there could be
Suppose that some researchers regressed, for graduating high-school seniors, “high-school-GPA” on “tablet-use-in-high-school” and found an insignificant estimate on “tablet-use.” What are
Set up a notional model of a research issue you choose and draw a chart similar to Figure 4.7a, that has:Data in Figure 4.7a(a) At least one mediating factor that should not be controlled for
Suppose that, in a particular city, a regression of prices of homes sold in the prior year (price) on the number of bedrooms (bedrooms) and square feet (sqft) yields the following regression model:a.
Indicate which of the four main regression objectives each of the following research issues would be: a. What 4th-grade teacher did best given his/her students’ prior achievement? b. What is the

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