Assume that a large accounting firm provides auditing training for its employees in three different auditing methods. Auditors were grouped into four blocks according to the education they had received: (1) high school, (2) bachelor’s, (3) master’s, and (4) doctorate.

Three auditors at each education level were used—one assigned to each method. They were given a posttraining examination consisting of complicated auditing scenarios. The scores for the 12 auditors were as follows:

Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Doctorate 83 81 82 Master’s 77 75 79 Bachelor’s 74 73 75 High School 72 70 69

a. Indicate why blocking was employed in this design.

b. Determine if blocking was effective for this design by producing the relevant ANOVA.

c. Using a significance level of 0.05, determine if the average post-training examination scores among the auditing methods are equal to each other.

d. If you discovered that there were differences in the average post-training examination scores among the auditing methods, use the LSD approach to determine which populations have different means.