F IL E M any attem pts have been m ad e to relate happiness w ith various factors. O ne such study relates happiness w ith age and finds th a t holding everything else constant, people are least happy w h en they are in th eir m id-40s (The E conom ist, D ec e m b e r 1 6 , 2 0 1 0 ). T h e a cc o m p a n yin g ta b le show s a p o rtio n o f d ata on a respondent's a g e and h is/h er perception o f w e ll-b e in g on a scale from 0 to 100; th e c o m p le te data are on th e text w ebsite, labeled H a p p in e s s a n d A ge.

Age Happiness 49 62 51 66 69 72

a. C alculate a nd in terp re t th e s am p le correlation coefficient b etw een age and happiness.

b. Is th e p o p u la tio n correlation c o efficient statistically sign ificant at th e 1 % level?

c. Construct a scatterp lot to p o in t o u t a fla w w ith th e above correlation analysis. P-968