For each of the following circumstances, perform the indicated hypothesis tests:

a. HA: r 7 0, r = 0.53, and n = 30 with a = 0.01, using a test-statistic approach

b. HA: r  0, r = -0.48, and n = 20 with a = 0.05, using a p-value approach

c. HA: r  0, r = 0.39, and n = 45 with a = 0.02, using a test-statistic approach

d. HA: r 6 0, r = 0.34, and n = 25 with a = 0.05, using a test-statistic approach Business Applications