The following sample data have been collected from two independent random samples from two populations. Test the claim that the first population median will exceed the median of the second population.

Sample 1 Sample 2 50 43 38 31 47 46 44 38 44 72 38 39 48 40 37 54 40 55 43 41 36 38 44 40

a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.

b. Using the Mann–Whitney U-test, based on the sample data, what should you conclude about the null hypothesis? Test using a significance level of 0.01.