Birth order and college choice. Students in an Introductory statistics class at a large university were classified by birth order and by the college they attend.

a) What kind of chi-square test is appropriate—goodnessof-
fit, homogeneity, or independence?

b) State your hypotheses.

c) State and check the conditions.

d) How many degrees of freedom are there?

e) The calculation yields x2 = 17.78, with P = 0.0378.
State your conclusion.

f) Examine and comment on the standardized residuals.
Do they challenge your conclusion? Explain.

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College College Birth Order (1 oldest or only child) 1 2 3 4 or More Total Arts and Sciences 34 14 6 3 57 Agriculture 52 27 5 9 93 Social Science 15 17 8 3 43 Professional 13 11 1 6 31 Total 114 69 20 21 224 Expected Values Birth Order (1 = oldest or only child) 1 2 3 4 or More Arts and Sciences 29.0089 17.5580 5.0893 5.3438 Agriculture 47.3304 28.6473 8.3036 8.7188 Social Science 21.8839 13.2455 3.8393 4.0313 Professional 15.7768 9.5491 2.7679 2.9063