Graduate admissions. A 1975 article in the magazine Science examined the graduate admissions process at Berkeley for evidence of gender bias. The following table shows the number of applicants accepted to each of four graduate programs.

Program Males Accepted (of Applicants)
Females Accepted (of Applicants)
1 511 of 825 89 of 108 2 352 of 560 17 of 25 3 137 of 407 132 of 375 4 22 of 373 24 of 341 Total 1022 of 2165 262 of 849

a) What percent of total applicants were admitted?

b) Overall, were a higher percentage of males or females admitted?

c) Compare the percentage of males and females admitted in each program.

d) Which of the comparisons you made do you consider to be the most valid? Why?