Water hardness. In an investigation of environmental causes of disease, data were collected on the annual mortality rate (deaths per 100,000) for males in 61 large towns in England and Wales. In addition, the water hardness was recorded as the calcium concentration (parts per million, ppm) in the drinking water. The dataset also notes for each town whether it was south or north of Derby. Is there a significant difference in mortality rates in the two regions?

Here are the summary statistics.

Summary of: mortality For categories in: Derby Group Count Mean Median StdDev North 34 1631.59 1631 138.470 South 27 1388.85 1369 151.114

a) Test appropriate hypotheses and state your conclusion.

b) The boxplots of the two distributions show a possible outlier among the data north of Derby. What effect might that have had on your test?

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Mortality 2000- 1800 1600 1400 0 1200- North South Derby