=+42. Process improvements. One way to improve a process is to eliminate non–value-added activities (e.g., extra movements) and wasted effort (e.g., looking for materials). A consultant was hired to improve the efficiency in a large shop floor operation. She tested three different workspace designs and two different storage/retrieval systems. She measured process flow time for three randomly selected operations through each of the combinations of workspace design and storage/retrieval systems. The data and two-way ANOVA results are shown here.

Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F-ratio P-value Workspace Design 2 0.30867 0.15433 1.56 0.230 Storage System 1 0.07500 0.07500 0.76 0.392 Interaction 2 4.87800 2.43900 24.72 60.0001 Error 24 2.36800 0.09867 Total 29 7.62967 M20_SHAR8696_03_SE_C20.indd 766 14/07/14 7:37 AM Exercises 767